Musaylima

Musaylima Ben Thimâma of the tribe of Banû Hanîfa called Al-Kadhdhâb ( impostor ) by Mahomet. He was the chief of the Arab tribe of the Banû Hanîfa originating in Al-Yamâma.

History

During the ninth and tenth year of the Hégire the prophet Mahomet receives the rallying of all the Arab tribes of the Hedjaz without having to fight them. One of the last to be joined was that of Banû Hanîfa. The come delegation Médine was composed of ten people of which Musaylima. This one (Musaylima) knew that the prophet was accustomed to pronouncing the following maxim:
- When several men travel, the best of them is that which serves the others. However, while entering Médine, the ten messengers made halt with Baqî'-Al-Gharqad. Musaylima called to his/her companions:
- Go, me I will remain here to keep your luggage. If Muhammad requires of you why you are only nine, since you entered ten in Médine, answer him that one of you is in charge of the service and guard your luggage. These men presented themselves to the prophet, who says to them:
- You were ten when you entered the city; what became the tenth? They answered:
- Apostle of Allah, he is our servant, he keeps our luggage. The prophet, according to his practice, retorted:
- It is the best among you. When they returned at Musaylima, they repeated the words of the prophet to him. Musaylima known as: “This prophet has just confirmed my merit. ”. The new deputy ones accepted the rudiments of the Islamic faith they returned with Al-Yamâma to invite their compatriots there to convert with Islam. Those found the obligations of Islam too severe. Musaylima declared asserting prophet that Mahomet itself had confirmed its superiority on the new others deputy. It made preachings in rimée prose. It reduced the prayer to three times per day. He taught the belief in resurrection and in the last judgment. It is not known if he wanted to make converts outside of his tribe. He took the name of Ra' hmân of Al-Yamâma.

In 632, Musaylima sent to Mahomet a letter thus designed: Me Musaylima, Rahmân of Yemâma, with Muhammad, wire of `Abdallah, apostle of Allah among Quraysh. On your behalf, O Allah, constant help! However with me half of the ground, you other half. But you, Banû `Abd Al-Mottalib, you do not like the equal share After having read this letter, the prophet enquit of the opinion of the messengers who approved the contents of the letter. He says that if they had not been deputies, he would have made them put at death, and he made write this answer: Me Muhammad, apostle of Allah, with Musaylima, impostor. In the name of lenient and miséricordieux Allah. However the ground is in Allah, it gives the possession of it to that of its servants whom it wants. The final reward will be with those which fear it

Union with Sajâh

After the death of Mahomet, known as: “Gabriel came to find me and the mission of prophetic for all the ground entrusted to me. ” It rose against the Caliph Abû Bakr and put in rout the first general that the caliph had sent his meeting. Abû Bakr then gives the responsability Khâlid Ben Al-Walîd to remove it from Musaylima.

In the tribe of the Banû Tamîm, Sajâh of the tribe of Banû Taghlib, a prophetess of Christian origin born with Mosul had taken the head of the rebels against Islam. She professed a kind of syncretism between Islam and it Christianity. She sought an alliance to be reinforced against the Caliph. With its troops it made movement towards Al-Yamâma. This movement worries Al-Musaylima as much as Khâlid Ben Al-Walîd which was him also in trimmings. The Moslem armies were withdrawn at two days of walk to avoid the confrontation. Musaylima cut off in the Al-Yamâma fortress made install a tent apart from the city to receive the embassy of Sajâh there. It remains with Musaylima during three days under this tent consuming the marriage at once. In spite of that, Musaylima wished to see Sajâh leaving the Al-Yamâma surroundings. Strong of the promise to receive half of the incomes of the province, she agree to set out again towards Mosul with a weakened army that many members of the tribe of Banû Tamîm had given up. She remained then in her tribe of Banû Taghlib and died in Islamism.

Banû Tamîm were anxious reactions of Abû Bakr and its general Khâlid Ben Al-Walîd. It sent an embassy near the Caliph to plead their cause. The Caliph was ready to forgive but `Omar interposed and tore the treaty which had just been signed. `Omar forced to the Caliph his decision to send Khâlid Ben Al-Walîd to make the sorting and to put at dead the apostates. Khâlid engaged a campaign against Banû Tamîm leaving quiet Musaylima.

After this countryside against Banû Tamîm, the Moslem armies were turned over towards Al-Yamâma in which Musaylima was cut off.

Died of Musaylima

On arrival of the troops of the Caliph, Musaylima decided to leave the fortress and installed its camp in an orchard surrounded by bricked up walls, named “the Ar-Rahmân enclosure” which will become after the battle “it enclosed of death”.

The Battle began badly for the troops of Khâlid Ben Al-Walîd, nine hundred and fifty Moslems fell during this first phase. Khâlid Ben Al-Walîd managed to take again in hand its troop by separating the “Ansar S from the muhâjirs to know which of them wanted to flee. Each clan wanting to show his valiancy the army califale inserted the troops of Musaylima which took refuge in the enclosure. There two hundred Moslems still fell during the attack from the enclosure before being able to enter. The brother of “Omar, Zayd ibn Al-Khattab, invited the Moslems to fight. He continued the combat until he is killed. Musaylima received a javelin launched by Wachî Ben Harb in full chest crossing its armor and died. The survivors left to take refuge in the fortress. Khâlid had made captive, Madjâ”, one of the generals of Musaylima. It released it so that it negotiates with the Al-Yamâma inhabitants a rendering. Madjâ' noted that there were no soldiers able to defend the city then it asked the women to cover armours and to come on the ramparts to decry it when it would leave.

Khâlid seeing these armours shining with the sun believed to have opposite him an important army it required of Madjâ' with which address these insults. Madjâ' says to him that it was with him because people are not satisfied with the conditions of rendering. Madjâ' thus managed to obtain condition less severe for the population: it should deliver to the winner a quarter of its richness and Khâlid could choose the house which it would like like residence. Khâlid accepted a letter of reproaches signed of Abû Bakr but it knew that its contents came from its adversary `Omar One reproached him his leniency and to have thus amputee spoils of a great part.

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