Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya

Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya is a son of `Alî and Al-Hanafîya one of its wives. He was born in 637. After the death of his/her half-brother Husayn with the Battle of Kerbala in 680, some of its partisans under the conduit of Al-Muktâr proclaimed it Imam. He died in 700.

History

He took part in the anti-omeyyades revolts of 685 with Koufa. After this revolt was repressed it chooses to launch a movement of greater scale with the Al-Muktâr support. This last had conducted campaigns with the kharijites and had just taken Koufa when it met Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya. Al-Muktâr proclaimed that Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya was a Imam.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya remained in withdrawal of these agitations, it went in pilgrimage to Mecque, but it was retained prisoner close it Zamzam well to have refused to lend Serment of allegiance to `Abdallah ibn Zobayr which wanted to claim under caliph. At this point in time Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya called with its help Al-Muktâr which on its side was delighted that one needs him. Al-Muktâr started from Koufa with 1 000 men. The catch of Mecque was easy and Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya was delivered (686). Then Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya was withdrawn with Médine where it dealt only with the practice of the religion. Sunken Al-Muktâr with Koufa undergoes a defeat, it was taken and killed (687).

In 688 Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiya went to Damas to lend oath to the new caliph `Abd Al-Malik, it turned over to Médine to die there in 700.

Some of its partisans called the Kaysanites made the mahdî of it, said that he had not died but not occulted. It was the first time that this concept appeared, it was taken again several times in the continuation of the history of the Chiisme. Those of its sectateurs who did not accept this idea rejoined with his son Abû Hâchim Ben Muhammad. This last bequeathed its right to a prince Abbasside Muhammad ibn `Alî. Later these kaysanites took an active part in the Abbasid revolution which transferred the omeyyades in 750.

Source

Tabarî (839-923), the Chronicle Volume II, Omayyades , Actes Sud editions/Sindbad

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