Mozarab

Mozarabe comes from the Arab musta' bank account number , RTL rear مستعرب, which means “arabized”. It is about the name given to the Chrétiens alive in Spain during the Islamic domination.

The Mozarabs were of Arab culture , but some spoke a Romance Langue, the aljamía or the Mozarab, dialect antiquated of Spain transcribes in Arab characters. Their Liturgie was known as in Arabic.

Art Mozarab testified to this mixture, with an Islamic style but of the topics which remained Christian. The influences of the art of the Moslems felt particularly in the use of the vegetable interlacings, cut in the Stuc to decorate an architecture, for example.

The Mozarabs were treated with tolerance, in particular under the Omeyyades of Spain, which reigned in Cordoue of 756 with 1031. This Tolerance disappeared progressively after this dynasty. These populations, take the statute of “ Dhimmi ” and adopted little by little certain aspects of the Arab culture. They had their own administrators, who were however to refer about it to Moslem Masters. They paid a tribute, the Djizya , to their own tax collectors and submitted their disagreements to their judges, who legislated according to the code wisigothic.

Freedom to exert their worship under the authority of the Archbishop of Tolède. Their liturgy, that of saint Isidore of Seville, is known under the name of rite mozarabic: the Mass in Arabic, officially abolished at the 11th century, today is still celebrated in the vault Mozarab of the Cathédrale of Tolède.

Many Mozarabs spoke Arabic and much adopted names and habits Moslems, exerting in return an unquestionable influence on their Suzerain S.

In spite of this favorable situation and years of peace, a Christian rebellion occurred between 852 and 886. The religious authorities fearing the attraction exerted on the faithful ones by a way of life and a culture in contradiction with the principles of the Gospel, a certain number of Christians had publicly attacked Mahomet and the Islam to awake the consciences deadened by irrigating the field of the faith of the blood of their martyrdom. Repression was brutal and the emir Mohammed I {{er}} (852   -   886) left of another alternative on its rebellious subjects only conversion with Islam or the escape. Cities like Burgos and Urbiena in 882, Zamora in 893, were repopulated by Mozarabs come from Tolède.

One of the principal reasons for glory of Mohammed ibn-Abi Amir known as el-Mansour (“the victorious one”, towards 938   -   1002) was not to leave after him only one Christian church on the ground of the peninsula. Only the buildings remained that their situation with the variation - as the convents where hermits lived - or their solidity put at the shelter Moslem armies.

That explains why it remains today very little of buildings of pure style Mozarab, except some churches, disseminated on the Spanish territory, in particular around Tolède, San Sebastián, Santa Eulalia and especially Santa María de Melque, most remarkable of the 9th century.

Apart from Tolède, it is still a basilica which the rebel Omar Ben Hafsun rebuilt, a renegade returned to the faith of his fathers, in his den of Bobastro into high Andalusia.

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