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Biography

Youth

Sade is born in Paris on June 2nd, 1740 with the Hôtel from Cop, in an old aristocratic family, of Jean-Baptiste François Joseph count de Sade, marquis of Mazan, and Marie-Éléonore de Maillé of Carman. His/her mother, girl of Donatien de Maillé, marquis de Carman, was the lady-in-waiting of the princess of Condé. His/her father, diplomat, were then operations manager near the Prince-Voter of Cologne. Baptized with Saint-Sulpice, on June 3rd, it is registered by error on the register with like second first name Alphonse instead of Aldonse , first name of Provence chosen by his parents.

After one year in his/her aunts in Avignon and in the Comtat Venaissin, Sade is dealt with, starting from 1745, by his/her paternal uncle, the abbot of Sade. It is the latter which deals with its education initially with the Saint-Leger abbey of Ébreuil, then with Saumane. This libertine and historian of Pétrarque will be able to give him a nonconventional education for the time.

Starting from 1750 it enters to the Louis-the-Large Lycée, then directed by the Jésuites with Paris. It is at the time of these studies that he discovers the theater and the scene, for which it will keep a passion its life during. It also become acquainted there with the Abbot Amblet which gives him private lessons.

In 1754, at the 14 years age, it enters to the School of the Chevau-légers reserved to the only nobility and it made there its first military exercises. The following year (1755), it is named second lieutenant with the regiment of infantry of the King. Then, starting from 1757, it takes part in the Guerre Seven Year old like Cornette (carry-flag), with the police officers of the Count de Provence (the future Louis XVIII), brother of King Louis XVI. In April 1759 it is promoted captain with the regiment of cavalry of Burgundy. And consequently it frequently comes to Paris and watch its taste for the Luxure by attending actresses and courtesans.

Following the end of the war, Sade is demobilized in March 1763. It then settles in the family castle of Coste (Vaucluse). It is there that it meets Miss Laure de Lauris, the lady of the manor of Vacqueyras with which it falls in love and which it wants to marry. But, its family opposes it and it Marie finally the May 17th, with Renee-Pelagie de Montreuil, girl of a rich person magistrate and whose family had powerful relations at the Court.

The libertine

Four months after its marriage, in October 1763, Sade is stopped by order of the King for the first time of its life. He is imprisoned for one 15 days duration to the keep of Vincennes. The reason is “vices outraged in small house” following excesses in a closed Maison. Released in November thanks to the intervention of his father, it must remain in obligatory residence in Normandy with the castle of Échauffour which belongs to its in-laws.

In April 1764, Sade is authorized to return to Paris. The same year it receives with the Parlement of Burgundy (Dijon) the load of general lieutenant of Bresse, Bugey, Valromey and Gex, inherited his father who dislocated himself in his favor in 1760. In July it maintains a relation with Miss Colet (or Colette), an actress of the Italian Théâtre. In 1765 it sticks to another actress, Miss de Beauvoisin, and during the summer, it installs it even with the castle of Coste, making it pass for a relationship of his wife and even sometimes for his wife. Of return to Paris, it frequently découche Beauvoisin. It is also question of Miss C *** met in a Parisian living room.

In 1766, it seems to be wearied of Beauvoisin, and it is interested initially in Miss Dorville, a prostitute, then with Miss Leroy, a dancer of the royal Académie of Music. It is this same year that it starts to rent its small house of Arcueil to Mr. Lestarjette.

In January 1767, his/her father the count de Sade dies bequeathing to him the Fief S of Coste, Mazan and Saumane and the title of Count . It will continue nevertheless to be made call Marquis (which it already carried as a first wire of a count). He also inherits many debts. In April it seems to want to return to a military career, it is named captain with the regiment of cavalry of Mestres. A few days after, it goes to Lyon to join Beauvoisin, leaving in Paris his five month old expectant mother.

August 27th, birth of its first wire, Louis-Marie, in Paris. Sade, of return in the capital, continues its assiduities Miss Rivière, dancer of the ballet of the Opera. He even proposes to him to live his small house of Arcueil but she refuses with him. The reputation of the Marquis is established little by little and the Marais inspector, who regularly supervises it since 1764, predicts that “one will not be long in still hearing of the horrors of Mr. the count de Sade”.

April 3rd 1768 begins the business Pink Keller .

1768: Internee 15 days with the Castle of Saumur then seven months with Pierre-Encise because shown scourging in the business Pink Keller in Arceuil.

1768 : Festivals with its Castle of Lacoste (Vaucluse) or it meets his Anne-Prosperous sister-in-law of Launay.
1772 - 1778: Various charges of poisoning, removal, Sodomie follow one another, followed escapes in Italy and sorrows of imprisonment. It is finally locked up with the keep of Vincennes. -->

After one second six months imprisonment in 1768 for Scourging, it is shown in 1772 poisoning to have made sick a prostitute with which it had made take dragees Aphrodisiaque S. It acted of the officinal Cantharide or “Spanish fly”, kind of toxic coleopter considered to enlarge the genitals. Made indignant that a man of its row is worried it takes nevertheless the precaution to leave for Italy. He is condemned to death in absentia. While approaching France in Savoy he is imprisoned in the fortress of Miolans from which he escapes two years later.
He is taken in Paris on February 13rd, 1777 and, under the blow of a Lettre de cachet, successively imprisoned with Vincennes, the Bastille and Charenton. Its beautiful family obtains that the stop condemning it to death is broken in 1778 and is transformed into life imprisonment.

Prisons and writing

It is for this long period of imprisonment that Donatien Alphonse François de Sade starts to write to dissipate its trouble. It is released in 1790 by the Révolution like all the victims of lettre de cachets.

Revolution and freedom

During the Revolution, its two sons emigrate, his wife obtains separation because of her marital violences. His goods in Provence having been plundered, without resources, the marquis de Sade tries to make play his plays to be able to survive. The November 2nd 1792, with the primary Parliament of the section of the Spades, it publishes “ Idée on the mode of the sanction of the laws ”, proclaiming there: “ People, you can all without them, them only cannot anything without you. ”, thus wanting to found the Direct democracy expensive with Maximilien de Robespierre and Jean-François Varlet.

Although having militated in a revolutionary section of district, he is condemned to died in 1793 to be itself opposite with an inhuman measurement aiming at the hospitals of Paris. He escapes the Guillotine because of an administrative error, he makes however a stay with the Prison Saint-Lazare. He then saw modestly his publications.

Prison and the asylum of Charenton

In 1801, under the Dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte, it is stopped in 1801, officially because of its outrageux writings and their violence pornographic and interned by administrative decision with asylum the insane ones of Charenton. Although completely lucid and in spite of its protests, it will remain there until its death. Over the 74 years of its life, it will have spent 30 years in prison.

Principal dates

1740 : Birth on June 2nd in Paris.
1744 : The abbot of Sade, his paternal uncle, deals with his education.
1750 : Entry with the Louis-the-Large College then directed by the Jesuits with Paris.
1754 : Military exercises with the School of Horse-light the.
1755 : Appointed second lieutenant with the regiment of infantry of the King.
1757 : Take part in the Guerre Seven Year old like Cornette with the police officers of the Count de Provence, brother of the King.
1759 : Captain with the regiment of cavalry of Burgundy.
1763 : After its demobilization, marriage with Renee-Pelagie de Montreuil.
1763 : First 15 days imprisonment to the keep of Vincennes with like reason “vices outraged in small house” following excesses in a closed House. Released, it must remain in obligatory residence with the castle of Échauffour (Normandy).
1764 : It receives with the Parlement of Burgundy (Dijon the load of general lieutenant of Bresse, Buguey, Valromey and Gex.
1768 : Internee 15 days with the Castle of Saumur then seven months with Pierre-Encise because shown scourging in the business Pink Keller in Arcueil.
1768 : Festivals with its Castle of Lacoste (Vaucluse) or it meets his Anne-Prosperous sister-in-law of Launay.
1772 - 1778: Various charges of poisoning, removal, Sodomie follow one another, followed escapes in Italy and sorrows of imprisonment. It is finally locked up with the keep of Vincennes.
1780 : Sade starts to write in prison.
1784 : Transfer to the prison of the Bastille.
1789 : The July 2nd, Sade, dissatisfied that one deprived it of walk, calls the Help! by the window of its room and clamp which one is assassinating the prisoners. The joke is not taste of the governor, who makes it transport to the asylum of Charenton. Sade thus misses three days its release by the people.
1790 : Release on April 2nd.
1792 : It tries in the committee the Spade to impose the Direct democracy
1793: Being implied in the local political life, Sade is again thrown in prison for “moderantism”. It passes the Terreur in the private hospital of Picpus, transformed into refuge for held rich person.
1801 : New arrest followed by imprisonment for outrageux writings of which mainly its novel Justine .
1814 : Death of the marquis de Sade, on December 2nd, with the Private hospital of Charenton (today Esquirol hospital), in Charenton-Saint-Maurice, (today Saint-Maurice).

The biography of the marquis de Sade translates the spirit of its writings: libertine, scandalous, provocative; its admirors of time called it the Divine Marquis .

Works

Novels and news

Dialog between a priest and a dying man , 1782.
A hundred and Twenty Days of Sodome or the School of libertinage , 1785, published in 1904.
Aline and Valcour, or the philosophical Novel , 1786, published in 1795.
the truth , 1787.
Misfortunes of the virtue (1st version of Justine), 1787.
Justine or Misfortunes of the virtue (enrichment of Misfortunes), 1788, published in 1791
Catalog reasoned of Works of Mr. Sxxx. 1788 .
Philosophy in the immoral boudoir or teachers ; published in 1795.
the News Justine . Followed History of Juliette , her sister, 1797.
Crimes of the love, News heroic and tragedies , 1800.

Eugenie de Franval 1788.

the Marchioness of Gange , 1813.
Dorcy or Bizarrerie of the fate , 1881

Theater

Inconstant the , 1781.
the Corrupt official , 1783.
the Insane Test, or the credulous Husband , 1783.
Oxtiern or Misfortunes of libertinage , 1791.

Political writings

Address of a citizen of Paris, with the king of the French (21 June 24th 1791)
Section of the Spades. Observations presented to the Administrative assembly of the hospitals (October 28th, 1792)
Section of the Spades. Idea on the mode of the sanction of the Laws; by a citizen of this Section (November 2nd, 1792)
Petition of the Sections of Paris to national Convention (1793)
Section of the Spades. Extracted the Registers of the deliberations of the General meeting and permanent of the Section of the Spades (1793)
the Section of the Spades to his/her Brothers and Friends of the Company of Freedom and the Equality, with Saintes, department of Charente-Lower the (1793)
Section of the Spades. Speech made by the Section of the Spades, with the manes of Marat and of the Furrier , by Sade, citizen of this section and member of the popular Company (September 29th, 1793)

Project tending to change the name of the streets of the district of the section of Spades (November 7th, 1793)

Petition of the Section of the Spades, with the representatives of French people (November 15th, 1793)
Whims, or a little all (destroyed/lost)

Lost or destroyed texts

Days of Florbelle .

Note: Zoloé and its two acolythes was often printed since 1867 under the name of Sade but it is probably not the auteur.

Quotations

You, Eugenie deliver; give up all your directions with the pleasure; that he is the only god of your existence; it is with him alone that an young girl must all sacrifice, and nothing in its eyes must be also crowned only the pleasure. ( Philosophy in the boudoir )

"To the will of a priest, i.e., of a covered gredin of lies and crimes, this large God, creator of all that we see, will drop until descending ten or twelve million times per morning in a piece of paste, who, in front of being digested by the faithful ones, will transmute ourselves soon, at the bottom of their entrails, in the cheappest excrements; and that, for the satisfaction of this tender son, odious inventor of this impiété monstrous in a supper of cabaret.

He said, he is necessary that is; he said: " This bread that you see will be my flesh, you will digest it like such: however, I am God; thus God will be digested by you; thus the creator of the sky and the ground will change into shit, because I said it; and the man will eat and shit his God, because God is good, and that it is all-puissant." the News Justine , chapter IV, p 489 Pleiad

To see Sade today

Having a perfect command of the French language, the marquis de Sade alternates in his works the often extreme pornographic scenes and the philosophical essays. In " Dialog between a priest and a moribond" (1782), he affirms a absolute Athéisme and will not let any more pass one occasion to post it in its writings. It only starting from the middle of the 20th century that its work, prohibited a long time and diabolized, will be redécouverte and is not rehabilitated. It is not read any more under the only surface angle of the " sadisme" and of the pornography, but under its function liberator while attacking with hypocrisies of the company and the dominant thought. The marquis de Sade defends the defects in the name of nature, while revealing some contradictions. Its often outrageous imagination is perceived like the desire to release the man of its constraints. It can be regarded one of the great writers French, as Pierre Choderlos de Laclos and a philosopher who goes until the end of his thoughts and in extreme cases of their logical consequences.

Sade is initially a Philosophe. Attacking the Moral of its time, which he considers hypocritical, defending the defects, often with the contempt of any logic and by lending to nature the intentions necessary to give reason to its characters libertines, he examines in fact the prejudices, the values, and the social conventions, the obscure side of the philosophy of the Lumières. It deals with subjects being the subject of a broad consensus and tackles the dominant opinion systematically. The reasoning of the characters often leads to obvious contradictions that the author does not seek to dissimulate, and highlight the fact that Sade does not seek to convince. To see its works only under the angle of the Sadisme concerns a surface approach of its writings. The word sadism is a neologism forged starting from its name.

Many defects considered as such at the 18th century are largely presented today, proof that conventions, if necessary are with social cohesion, change with the times and the countries.

In a style concise, powerful, aggressive, often funny, it alternates philosophical essays and scenes libertines, often with the extreme limit of possible, and sometimes beyond.

A long time prohibited, Sade appears today among the major figures of the French literature (it entered prestigious the " Library of Pléiade" in November 1990, 3 volumes).

These writings had a considerable influence on the surrealist ones after the First World War. Today still its work inspires by many writers.

Camus said of him

In the man revolted (1951), Albert Camus known as of Sade which it “gathers in only one and enormous machine of war arguments of the thought libertine until the cleaned Meslier and Voltaire”.

Sources

Jean-Paul Brighelli, Sade , Larousse, Paris, 2000, ISBN 2-03-505012-X
Gilbert Lely, Life of the marquis de Sade , Jean-Jacques Pauvert with the Editions Garnier Brothers, Paris, 1982. ISBN 2-7050-0455-6
Shortened life of Sade , in Volume 3 of the complete Works of marquis de Sade , Pauvert, 1986, ISBN 2-72020-198-7
Life of the marquis de Sade , in Dialog between a priest and a dying man , Editions of Thousand and One Nights, 1996, ISBN 2-910233-10-3
Sade against To be supreme it preceded by Sade in time , by Philippe Sollers, ED. Gallimard, 1996

See too

Nicolas Edme Restif of Breton the
Sadism
Price Sade: a literary prize which rewards each year an author “whose work will have known to exceed any censure and any political or moral oppression”.

Films on Sade

Howls in favor of Sade : experimental film without image (1952) of Guy Overflow.
Marat-Sade : British film (1967) of Peter Brook with Patrick Magee and Ian Richardson.
the Divine marquis de Sade ( De Sade ): American film (1971) of Cyril Enfield with John Huston and Lilli Micrometer caliper.
the marquis de Sade (1983) of Patrick Antoine with Bruno Cremer.
Marquis (1989) of Henri Xhonneux and Roland Topor.
the Marchioness of Sade ( Markisinnan de Sade ): Swedish telefilm (1992) of Ingmar Bergman.
Sade in lawsuit : French telefilm (1999) of Pierre Beuchot with Andre Dussollier.
Quills, the feather and blood ( Quills ): American film (2000) of Philip Kaufman with Geoffrey Rush and Kate Winslet.
Sade : French film (2000) of Benoit Jacquot with Daniel Auteuil and Isild Le Besco according to the novel of Serge Bramly.
Salo or 120 days of Sodome : Italian film (1975) of Pier Paolo Pasolini according to the novel of Sade

Plays on Sade

D.A.F with Pierre-Alain Leleu.
Charles Méré, the marquis de Sade (1921).
Michele Fabien, Our Sade , Brussels, Didascalies Editions, 1985 Triennial Prix of Dramatic Literature 1987 - Belgique
Yukio Mishima Madam de Sade , Edict. Gallimard, ISBN 2070294897 (nominated with the Molières 1987).
Enzo Cormann, Sade, concert of hells , Paris, Midnight, 1989, ISBN 2707312932
Peter Weiss, Marat-Sade , Paris, Arch, 2000, ISBN 2851814648
Bernard Christmas, the return of Sade , Paris, Line And Proclamation, 2004, ISBN 2849380172

Novels on Sade

Haddock., the marquis de Sade, his adventures, its works , Paris, Beech, 1885. Serial originally published in the Slow train .
Serge Bramly, Sade, Terror in the boudoir , Paris, Grasset, 2000, ISBN 2246489326
Rachilde, the marchioness of Sade , Paris, Gallimard, 1996, ISBN 2070744221

Tests and biographies on Sade

Pour the works which were used as sources in this article to see haut. more

Henri d' Alméras, the marquis de Sade: the man and the writer , Paris, Albin Michel, 1906
Theodor W. Adorno and max Horkheimer, " Sade" , the dialectical one of the reason (1944), Paris, Gallimard, 1983. Is ISBN 2070700054
Gerard Badou, Renee Pelagie, marchioness of Sade , Paris, Payot, 2004 ISBN 2228898872
Roland Barthes, Sade, Fourier, Loyola , Paris, Threshold, 1980, ISBN 2020055112
Simone de Beauvoir, Necessary to burn Sade? , Paris, Gallimard, 1972, ISBN 2070352684
Béliard Octave, the marquis de Sade , Paris, Editions of the Bay-tree, Paris, 1928
Maurice Blanchot, Lautréamont and Sade, Paris, Editions of Midnight, 1963, ISBN 2707301248

Maurice Blanchot, Sade and Restif of Breton the , Paris, Complex, 1986, ISBN 2870271948

Iwan Bloch, marquis de Sade and his time , Geneva, Slatkine, 1970

Eric Boutoute, Sade and figures of the baroque , Paris, Harmattan, 1999, ISBN 273847571X

Michel Brix, Sade and let us félons them , Paris, Chasse In Snark, 2003, ISBN 2914015313

Center Inhabitant of Aix of Studies and of Research over the eighteenth century, the marquis de Sade , Colloque of Aix-en-Provence, Paris, Armand Colin, Paris, 1968

Guy Debord, the marquis de Sade has eyes of girl, beautiful eyes to blow up the bridges , Paris, Fayard, 2004, ISBN 2213621217

S.E. Fauskevag, Sade or totalitarian temptation , Paris, Champion, 2001, ISBN 2745303295

Otto Flake, the marquis de Sade , Paris, Grasset, 1833

Marcel Hénaff, Sade, the invention of the body libertine , Paris, PUF, 1978

Hugues Stake, Sade the body constituting , Paris, Michalon, 1997, ISBN 2841860647

Raymond Jean, a portrait of Sade , Arles, Actes Sud, 2002, ISBN 2742739343

Jean-Marc Kehrès, Sade and the rhetoric of the exemplarity , Paris, Champion, 2001 ISBN 2745304445

Pierre Klossowski, Sade my next , Paris, Threshold, 2002, ISBN 2020529319

A.M. Laborde, the marquis and the marchioness of Sade , New York, P. Lang, 1990, ISBN 0820408999

Annie Brown the, Suddenly a block of abyss, Sade , Paris, Gallimard, 1993, ISBN 2070327760

Maurice Lever, Donatien Alphonse Francois, marquis de Sade , Paris, Beech, 2003, ISBN 2213616884

Maurice Nadeau, Sade, permanent insurrection , Paris, Nadeau, 2002, ISBN 2862311731

François Ost, Sade in the shade law , Paris, Odile Jacob, 2005, ISBN 2738116698

Jean Paulhan, the marquis de Sade and his accomplice or Revenges of decency , Paris, Complex, 1987, ISBN 2870272154

Jean-Jacques Pauvert, alive Sade , Paris, Robert Laffont, 1986-1990, (3 volumes)

Jean-Jacques Pauvert & Pierre Beuchot, Sade in lawsuit , Paris, Thousand and One Nights, 1999, ISBN 2842054210

Octavio Paz, Beyond erotic: the marquis de Sade , Paris, Gallimard, 1994, ISBN 2070737810

Rachilde, Sade always , Paris, Editions of the Furnace, 1992.

Philippe Roger, Sade: philosophy in the press , Paris, Grasset, 1976, ISBN 2246003342

Norbert Sclippa (Dir.), To read Sade: Acts of the first international symposium on Sade in the USA, Charleston, South Carolina, 12 March 15th, 2003 , Paris, Harmattan, 2004, ISBN 2747561194

Catriona Seth, Sade in all letters , Paris, Desjonquères, 2004, ISBN 2843210674

Philippe Sollers, Sade against the supreme being , Paris, Gallimard, 1996, ISBN 2070745287

Chantal Thomas, Sade, the essay and the orgy , Paris, Shores, 2002, ISBN 2743609753

Chantal Thomas, Sade, the eye of the letter , Paris, Payot, 1978, ISBN 222854180X

Donald Thomas, the marquis de Sade: biography illustrated , Paris, Seghers, 1977

Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer, Sade moralist , Geneva, Droz, 2005, ISBN 2600009930

External bonds

Biography, works and studies devoted to the Marquis de Sade

Simple: Marquis de Sade

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