Movement souverainist of Quebec

The movement souverainist of Quebec is a Political movement whose objective is to make Quebec, province of the Canadian Fédération since 1867, a sovereign State . The souverainists propose with the Inhabitants of Quebec to make use of their right to self-determination - principle which comprises the possibility of choosing between integrations with a third state, the political association in another state or independence - so that they are given, by democratic means, their first constitutional Rule of law independent.

The Québécois souverainists think that with a Sovereign state, the French-speaking Inhabitants of Quebec will be equipped better to promote their own economic development, social and cultural. In a general way, the souverainists are not opposed to the principles of the Fédéralisme, however they are opposed to the current operation of the Canadian federal system, and believe that this system cannot be reformed so as to answer so that they consider being the legitimate desire of part of the Québécois population to be controlled without federal bond with the remainder of Canada.

The idea of the sovereignty of Quebec is founded on a vision and interpretation nationalists of the historical facts and sociological realities of Quebec, who, according to some, attest the existence of a Peuple and a Québécois Nation. November 27th, 2006, the House of Commons of Canada adopted, with 266 votes against 16, a motion recognizing that “the Inhabitants of Quebec form a nation within plain Canada”. November 30th, the National Assembly of Quebec adopted a motion unanimously recognizing “the positive character” of the motion adopted by Ottawa and proclaiming that the aforementioned motion did not decrease “the constitutional inalienable rights, capacities and the privileges of the National Assembly and the Québécois nation. ”

The souverainists believe that the normal result of the collective adventure of the Inhabitants of Quebec is the attack of political independence, thing which they foresee as possible only if Quebec becomes a Sovereign state and if its inhabitants control themselves by the means of independent democratic political institutions, and are free to establish foreign relations on the basis of treated S.

By the means of parliamentarism, the Inhabitants of Quebec exert at present a certain democratic control on the Québécois State, however within the Canadian federation such as it is currently made up, this State does not have all the constitutional capacities allowing him to act as a true national government. Within Canada, the policies continued by Quebec and those of the federal government enter sometimes in conflict. Until now, various attempts at reform of the Canadian federal system failed, because of the conflict interests between the elites souverainists of Quebec and the federalistic elites of Quebec and the remainder of Canada (see constitutional Débat in Canada).

Although it is before a a whole question of a political nature, concerns of a cultural and social nature are also at the base of the desire of emancipation by the independence way of part of the Québécois population, which is much older than the movement souverainist. The principal cultural argument of the souverainists supports that only a Québécois Citoyenneté national would make it possible to solve the problem of the Québécois cultural identity in the North-American context. By assoyant future the Québécois Nationality on legal bases, the souverainists believe that the Cultural identity of the Inhabitants of Quebec and like their Collective memory, as defined by their intellectual elites, will adequately be protected. A national citizenship would come to solve in an adequate and final way the delicate question of the French language in Quebec, language of the Québécois majority, however language of a national minority within Canada.

Sovereignty-association

It is generally allowed that the movement souverainist was born in the Années 1960, with the Quiet revolution . The use of the term sovereignty , as well as the majority of the ideas of the movement, is resulting from the Movement Sovereignty-Association (MSA) founded by Rene Lévesque in 1967. It is of this movement that is resulting the Parti Québécois, which was founded in 1968. Before the MSA, one spoke rather about the Québécois independence movement, which was inspired largely by the planetary movement in favor of the Décolonisation.

Sovereignty-Association is the combination of two concepts:

obtaining the sovereignty of the State of Quebec.
the creation of a association political and economic enters the new independent State and Canada.

These ideas were presented for the first time in political proclamation of Rene Lévesque entitled Option Quebec.

The Québécois Party defines sovereignty as being “the capacity of a State to make its laws, to take its taxes and to establish its foreign relations” (extracted the speech on sovereignty at the time of the referendum of 1980).

The type of association wished between Quebec independent and the remainder of Canada were described like a monetary and customs union just as of the common institutions being used to manage the relations between the two countries. The independent source of inspiration of this concept was the European Community then incipient.

The importance of the hyphen between the words “sovereignty” and “association” was often noted by Rene Lévesque and the other members of the Québécois Party, for rendering comprehensible well that both were inseparable. The reason which one evoked was that if Canada decided to boycott exports of Quebec became independent, the new country would have to undergo very difficult economic times, since at the time the tariff barriers between Canada (including Quebec) and the the United States were very high. Quebec and its 7 million inhabitants thus would have been found wedged between two countries whose economic Protectionnisme was impenetrable.

After the signature of the agreement of Free trade between the United States and Canada, the partisans of “Sovereignty-Association” revised their thesis, and the need for economic and political association with Canada became optional. This association is always wished per many souverainists, but additional clause the failure of the negotiations between Quebec and Canada, the souverainists judge that sovereignty would be economically viable all the same, because Quebec could, as it is the case at present, to export freely towards the US market. Since then, the members of the Québécois Party and their sympathizers often refer to “sovereignty” only.

Those in favor of the Indépendance hesitate between speeches of “sovereignty” or “independence”, even if the two terms are regarded as synonyms by much. Part of the left souverainist prefers to use the word “independence” and they are often stigmatized for this choice. Today, the term of “Sovereignty-Association” much less is used, although sometimes heard (cf the modernization part below).

Ambivalence

The Québécois nationalist-federalists think that the people of Quebec should be recognized de facto like a nation by the Canadian federal government, and engage the constitutional reforms which such a recognition implies. Their position is sometimes so close to that of certain moderate souverainists that many are those which changed party, and this, in the two directions (the former Prime Minister for Quebec Lucien Bouchard and the lawyer Québécois Guy Bertrand are well-known examples). Most of the politicians current souverainists in fact passed by the camp separatist reformist of the liberal big family before joining the MSA, or later the Parti Québécois.

History

See also: History of the independence movement Québécois

Origins

Emergence

The Québécois Quiet revolution involved considerable changes in the Années 1960. For example, the support for the independence of Quebec started to be spread in certain mediums. The first organization dedicated to the independence of Quebec was the Alliance laurentienne founded by Raymond Barbeau the January 25th 1957.

The Rassemblement for national independence (RIN) is founded the September 10th 1960. The August 9th of the same year, Raoul Roy created the socialist Action for the independence of Quebec (ASIQ). The October 31st 1962, the Committee of national release , then in November the Resistance network , two groups made up members of the RIN, were created to organize actions illegal, but nonviolent, such as vandalism or the civil Désobéissance. Shortly after the general election of Quebec of the November 14th 1962, the member of the RIN Marcel Chaput founded the Republican party of Quebec, which did not last a long time.

In 1964, the RIN becomes a political party of province. In 1965, the national Rallying (RN), more conservative, becomes in his turn a party.

The historical context of the time was that of the Décolonisation. Many old colony S European such as the Cameroun, the Congo, the Senegal, the Algeria, the Jamaica, etc became independent. Certain partisans of the independence of Quebec saw a similarity of situation there. Many activists were influenced in the writings of authors such as Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi or Karl Marx, and for the majority, Cuba was the new ideal.

July 24th, 1967, the French president Charles de Gaulle makes a speech in Montreal at the time of the World Fair of Montreal. Perched with the top of the Town hall, it will surprise several of them while declaring: “Lives free Quebec!”. It will leave immediately after this blow of glare, acclaimed by crowd.

Finally, in October 1967, the former principal private secretary, the liberal Rene Levesque left the party when this one refused to discuss sovereignty to the one of its conventions. Lévesque founded then the Mouvement Sovereignty-Association (MSA) and tried to link the various partisans of sovereignty.

It is on April 21st 1968 which nearly 4500 people moved with the Arena Maurice Richard to hear Rene Lévesque and François Aquin which had just left the Liberal party of Quebec of Jean Lesage, with at the head of new completely different Directorates of Political Affairs.

The objective of this congress was to graft with the Québécois political scene a new party whose ideology would revolve around the principle of sovereign Quebec maintaining of the friendly bonds with the Canada.

In the program of the party in gestation, there remains an aspect which divides the assembly and opposes Sirs Lévesque and Aquin; that of the linguistic and school rights of the minorities. The amendment provides that the acquired rights will be maintained, but only during one transitional period. Rene Lévesque is in perfect dissension, it considers this law discriminatory and contrary with the principles of justice, confidence and political good sense.

This amendment will be finally rejected by the members and the behavior of a congress of foundation of a new political party get going as of this regulated debate.

Finally, in October 1968, the MSA amalgamated with the national Ralliement (RN) of Gilles Gregoire to form the Parti Québécois . Later in the month, Pierre Bourgault, chief of the RIN, dissolves his party in order to join the PQ and thus to allow the union of the freedom fighters within the same party. He will say nevertheless a few years later that this gesture represented the most serious error of its life.

Critical

Independence political parties

Québécois party

The Québécois Party is a social democrat party and nationalist who asserts themselves as tel. It is recognized besides to be strongly interventionist by supporting the participation of the State in the sector of the economy, which several of its adversaries of right-hand side reproach him.

The Québécois Party held two referendums to engage the negotiations leading to the sovereignty of Quebec. It deposited with the National Assembly White paper on the project of sovereignty-association, on November 1st, 1979 and on May 20th, 1980 takes place the referendum on the sovereignty-association of Quebec. This referendum was a defeat for the Québécois Party, “not” collecting nearly 60% of the voices. The Québécois Party nevertheless was re-elected with the following general elections, on April 13rd, 1981, with a strong popular support of 49,26%.

A second referendum on sovereignty took place on October 30th, 1995: “not” was majority with only 0.6% of variation. Jacques Parizeau, then chief of the Québécois Party and Prime Minister, had declared during an emission with Stephan Bureau, recorded the day of the referendum, that if the option were not accepted, he would resign - what he did.

Québécois block

The Québécois Block is a federal political party, established exclusively in Quebec, which represents the Inhabitants of Quebec and the Québécois ones on the federal political scene.

Founded by Lucien Bouchard in 1990, it is directed since 1997 by Gilles Duceppe (until today, 2007). The mission first of this party is to set up the requirements at the realization of the sovereignty of Quebec, while ensuring the defense of the interests of the Québécois population the Canadian Parliament.

The Québécois Block bases its actions on the conviction that the Inhabitants of Quebec and the Québécois ones form a nation different from the Canadian nation, which is ready to express this difference in a sovereign country. The Québécois Block affirms that the sovereignty of Quebec, the birth of a new State in North America, would be beneficial for Canada.

For its partisans souverainists, the presence of the Québécois Block restores the agreement and legitimacy between the vision of people and that of his representing and representatives elected on the federal scene. The Québécois Block affirms the existence of the Québécois nation, requires its recognition and defends the interests of its citizens and its citizens like their right to choose their future freely.

However, certain observers question the utility of the party at the souverainist cause and even advance as the various agreements reached with the other parties of Canada since its creation would prove the possibility of finding an area of agreement between Quebec and Canada. For them, the Block would harm the souverainist cause thus.

Interdependent Quebec

interdependent Quebec is a left-wing political party founded in first half of 2006 by the union of the Union of the forces progressists, left directed by Amir Khadir, and of the Option citizen, political movement directed by Francoise David. He preaches the sovereignty of Quebec like means of reaching rather more easily his principles progressists than like a finality. Several analysts and observers of the Québécois political scene consider that interdependent Quebec is a threat for the Québécois Party, party to which interdependent Quebec could go to notch votes at the time of the next elections. Still according to observers, the new party, though souverainist, could harm the accession of Quebec to sovereignty, in addition to making in kind defer to the capacity the Liberal party of Quebec which is contrary to the ideological spectrum. In the facts, Québec Solidaire remains a marginal party.

Party Republic of Quebec

Following the election of March 26th, 2007, a new party souverainist was born: the Left Republic Quebec. It is directed by Gilles Paquette, which had tried to take part in the race with the cheffery of the PQ in 2005.

Independence party

Following the election of March 26th, 2007, Daniele Fortin, the ex- felquist Pierre Schneider, Sebastien Hood and Christian Bergevin, on old the orthodoxe separatist fighters of the Gathering for national independence, of the Left Québécois and the Bloc decided to create their own party. Those are furious vis-a-vis the decision of the direction pequist putting the project of sovereignty out of night light. Moreover, they criticize interdependent mollesse of Quebec in what milked with the access to independence. Lastly, they do not want to turn more to ADQ, since the Autonomisme constitutes according to them a renewed form of Fédéralisme. Thus appeared the independence Party.

Pi is directed at present by Eric Tremblay, Richard Gervais and Caroline Moreno. Two of the founding members, Daniele Fortin and Pierre Schneider, left the party while claiming from of to be excluded, assertion contradicted by Sirs Tremblay and Gervais. The October 20th 2007, one of the four original founders decided to voluntarily withdraw pi following the appearance of another group wishing to form an independence party: democratic Union for independence.

Since it did not hold yet of congress, the new party does not have an official program. There exists nevertheless a consensus within the members on this: “we want to make independence WITHOUT REFERENDUM”. A preliminary version of the program indicates to us more precisely than this party will defend the Parizeau-Laplante method. This same draft stresses that the independence Party wants a reinforcement of the Loi 101, is opposed to the creation of a anglophone university center in Montreal, wants to increase the financing granted to the French-speaking networks of teaching collegial and university, wants to establish with the primary education a course of national history and to reinforce the French courses there, wants to impose Cégep French on all, etc

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