Mounts of Judaea

The Monts of Judaea ( הרייהודה ) form one of the geographical entities of Israel. They are located at the center of the country.

Geomorphology

The mounts of Judaea rise at an average altitude of 900 m, and their culminating point, the Mont Halhoul with 1026 Mr.

They geographically lie between the valley which extends until the Mediterranean and the valley of the Dead Sea.

Geology

The mounts of Judaea are mainly made up of sedimentary rocks, such as the Calcaire, the Dolomite, the Craie and the Silex.

Climate

Precipitations

The annual average of precipitations of the area rises with 450mm. These last remain however slightly more important in part-North, with an average of 500mm per annum.

Temperatures

The average temperature of the mounts of Judaea east of 17 degrees, with a variation of 15 degrees between the winter and estival temperatures.

The days of snow are rare but certain winters the falls are very important.

Moisture

The average of the water content is of 60%.

Flora

It is mainly made up of thickets and undergrowth.

Thickets

One counts among the latter the Chêne, the Pistachier mastic tree, the Phillyrea, the Aubépine, the Rhamnus, the Calycotome, the Arbutus, the Rubia, the Salsepareille, the Asparagus, the Raisin of sea, the Aliboufier, the Tamius, the clématite with gimlet, the Chèvrefeuille estruca, the Pyrus eleaegrifolia, the Caroubier and the Pin of Alep.

Undergrowth

The undergrowth of the mounts of Judaea is to be separated in 2 categories;

Family of the thorny Burnet

One finds there the Phagnalon of the rocks, the Germandrée with sheets of rosemary, the Fumana, the Labiée, the bituminous Psoralée, the Asphodèle and the bearded grass.

Family of the Coridothymus capitatus

This one includes/understands the crisp cist, the Sarriette, the piptatherum miliaceum, the viscous Inule and the hélianthème of Syria.

Fauna

As of the biblical time, is mentioned the rich person fauna of the mounts of Judaea - Livre of the Judges (14/5), First book of Samuel (7/36). It is the same in the notebooks of voyages of Chateaubriand in 1806, in the notes of the archduke Rodolphe of Austria at the time of its tour in Palestine in 1881 and in testimonys of the anglophone traveller Neil who furrows the country of 1871 with 1874.

Mammals

Live in the mounts of Judaea the Sanglier, the Gazelle of the mountains, the Loup, the russet-red Renard, the Ratel originating in Sudan, the Putois marbled, the Martre, the Wildcat, the Rat of the Pharaons, the Lièvre of the Cape, the Hystricidae, the Etruscan Musaraigne, the Crocidura, the Hérisson, the Mérione de Tristam, the Microtus socialis, the common Souris, the Rat of the fields, the épomophore wahlbergi , the Pipistrelle de Kuhl and the Small rhinolophe.

Birds

Diurnal

Among the birds of the mounts of Judaea, one counts the wild Buse, the Golden eagle, the Faucon rattle, the black Merle, the Souïmanga, the Geai, the syriaque Pic, the Carrion crow, the Bartavelle, the Bulbul, the Mésange, the crested Cochevis, the House sparrow, the mélodieuse Linotte, the elegant Chardonneret, the Verdier d' Europe, the Serin, the Pigeon biset, the southernmost Pie-grièche, Turtle-dove of wood, the black Trip hammer, the Guêpier d' Europe, the Swallow rousseline, the Small-duke scops, the Warbler with black head, the Warbler grisette, the Bunting cendrillard, the Sparrow soulcie, the starling, the gray Wagtail, the Tarier, the black Redstart, the Trap of Finsch, the Gobe-fly black, the Gobe-fly with collar, the Warbler babillarde, the Bunting ortolan bunting, the Oriole, the Goat-sucker from Europe and the Stork.

Night

The Owl large-duke, the Frightens and the Choucas of the turns.

Reptiles

The Scincidae, the Mole, the Viperine snake, the Mesalina, the Seps, the Eumecs, the Anguidae, the lizard laevis, the Ophisops, the grass snake of Montpellier, the viper of Palestine, the gecko, the domestic margouillat, the Greek Tortoise and the chameleon.

Amphibians

The green Clamping plate, the merry Frog and the Hylidae.

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