Mouammar Kadhafi

Mouammar Kadhafi (Arab: rear RTL معمرالقذافي, Mu' amar Al-Qadhafi ), (born in 1942 with Syrte, Libya) is de facto the Head of the State of the Libya since 1970. He is the strong Man of Libya since the coup d'etat of September 1st, 1969. In Occident, it is often called “colonel Kadhafi”. Officially, Kadhafi is designated like the Guide of the great revolution of Large the Jamahiriya Arab popular Libyan woman and Socialist .

Youth

Al-Kadhafi is more the young child of a family of peasants Bedouin S. He grows in the desert area of Syrte, receives a traditional and religious primary education, then follows the courses of the preparatory school of Sebha in the Fezzan, of 1956 to 1961. Kadhafi and an small group of friends whom it meets in this school have suddenly formed the core of a group of revolutionary militants having for goal to seize the capacity. Kadhafi takes as a starting point Gamal Abdel Nasser, president of the close Egypt, which rose with the capacity by preaching the Arab unit. In 1961, Kadhafi is excluded from Sebha because of her political activism.

Kadhafi studies the right to the University of Libya. It enters then to the Military academy of Benghazi in 1963, where it organizes with some militants a secret movement with an aim of reversing pro-Western Libyan monarchy. After obtaining its diploma in 1965, It is sent in Great Britain to follow an additional drive to the British Army Staff College , and returns in 1966 as an officer in the body of the Transmissions.

The military coup d'etat

September 1st 1969, to 27 years, it carries out with an small group of officers a Coup d'etat against the king Idris Al-Mahdi, whereas this one is in Turkey for a medical care. Its nephew Prince Hassan have-Senussi was to be installed on the throne on September 2nd, 1969 when the abdication of king Idris announced on August 4th was to take effect. In the day of September 1st monarchy is abolished and the republic is proclaimed, and the Prince put in prison.

Kadhafi grants the advance of the rank of Capitaine the rank of Colonel which it kept until today.

In connection with this rank, insufficient according to Western criteria to direct a country and to order from its army, he declares that Libya is " controlled by its peuple" , and that exempts the " guide" civil or military titles particular - this step is not new and can be close to that of a Gamal Abdel Nasser which keeps the title of colonel when it seizes the power in Egypt, while Jerry Rawlings, ex president of the Ghana, preserved only its rank of Flight lieutenant. Gamal Abdel Nasser remained has colonel after seizing power in Egypt while Jerry Rawlings, Ex-président off Ghana, held No military rank higher than Flight lieutenant. In the same fashion, the Republic off El El Salvador was ruled by Lieutenant Colonel Oscar Osorio (1950-1956); Lieutenant Colonel Jose María Lemus (1956-1960) and Lieutenant Colonel Julio Adalberto Will rivet (1962-1967). -->

Exercise of the capacity

See also: Political of Libya

Having taken the capacity with Tripoli at the time of a coup d'etat on September 1st 1969, it preaches at its beginnings the passage with a socialism of tinted State of Panarabisme. It nationalizes certain companies (in particular those held by Italian nationals). In 1977, it declares the “revolution of the people”: it changes the name of the country of Libyan Arab Republic into Arab Jamahiriya popular Libyan woman and Socialist and sets up “revolutionary committees”. The multi-party system remains prohibited in Libya.

It obliges the United States of America to evacuate their military bases of which Wheelus Airfield. In September 1970, using his friend and adviser Abdessalam Jalloud it succeeds in imposing for the first time a raising of prices of the barrel of petrol, opening the way with the other oil-producing countries.

By reprisals, during the Years 1980, its mode is put at the round of applause of the International community also because of its support supposed for many rebellions in the world and of its implications supposed in several terrorist acts: attack in a Berliner discotheque attended by American soldiers in 1986, Attack of Lockerbie in Scotland against an American civil airliner which explodes in full flight in 1988 (270 dead) or attack against a French plane, the Vol 772 ATU connecting Brazzaville to Paris in 1989 (170 dead).

June 15th, 1986 took place an assassination attempt (bombardment by fighter-bombers from the USA) in Tripoli against colonel Kadhafi, at the time which his/her Hana adopted girl perished.

Starting from the medium of the Years 1990, Kadhafi works so that its country finds a less uncomfortable place from a diplomatic point of view. Thus in 1999, the agents of the suspectés secret services of the Attentat of Lockerbie are delivered to Scottish Justice, which causes the suspension of the sanctions of UNO towards the country and the re-establishment of the diplomatic relations with the the United Kingdom.

Thereafter, in 2003, Libya recognizes officially " the responsibility for its officiers" in the Attentat of Lockerbie - as well as Vol 772 ATU - and pays an allowance of 2,16 billion dollars to the families of the 270 Pan Am victims, which has as a consequence the final lifting of the sanctions of UNO and (partially) the United States in its opposition.

In parallel, president Kadhafi starts diplomatic negotiations - during all the year 2003 - between Libyan, British and American persons in charge, and announces in December of the same year that it gives up officially his program of weapons of massive destruction. Lastly, in March 2004, it signs the additional protocol of the Traité nuclear non-proliferation (NPT).

It in addition founds a policy of easing of the Libyan economic material regulation allowing the opening of the local market the international companies, which helps with the survival of the mode. He consequently manages to approach the western powers and particularly certain European countries, like the the United Kingdom, the France, the Spain and the Italy. Thus, president Kadhafi states from now on that he intends to play an important role in the pacification of the world and the creation of a the Middle East without weapons of massive destruction.

From 1999 to 2007, the Business of the Bulgarian nurses, judged for the contamination of Libyan children by the virus of the AIDS, will be used with fine policies by Kadhafi and strongly mediatized throughout the world.

== Ideology ==

He wrote the green Livre , in reference to the red Little book writes by Mao Zedong, in which he explains in a brief way his solutions with the problems arising from the Démocratie and the economy. It defended there the Direct democracy.

Its project of “the United States of Africa”

Khadafi is trying to convince the leaders to create the United States of Africa, convinced that it is the best means of development for Africa. That will pass by the creation of a single currency and only one army of 2.000.000 of soldiers…

It is of passage in 2007 with Bamako, Abidjan, Accra… to present its project of a single government for Africa, a federal state. But this objective seems far from being reached.

Certain opponents with the project say that Khadafi wants to reign on Africa through this project.

See too

Among the children of Kadhafi, one can quote:

Mohamed Kadhafi, the elder son of a first marriage, president of the Libyan organization of telecommunications.
Hannibal Kadhafi
Seif el Islam Kadhafi, more implied on the political plan. It is especially known for its role in the compensation for the families of the victims of the attack of Lockerbie and the DC-10 of Utah shot down by Libyans in 1988. It directs the Khadafi foundation.
Saadi Kadhafi, former professional footballer (attacker of the club of Perugia, Italy, condemned in 2003 for doping). Shareholder of Juventus, it succeeded in 2002 making play Supercoupe from Italy to Tripoli in Libya

Kadhafi Price of the human rights
Summit of the league Arabic 2005
Foundation Kadhafi
List of the current leaders

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