Moslem Calendar

The calendar Musulman ( Hijri ) is one of rare the Calendrier S lunar modern largely widespread. This calendar is characterized by some 12 months lunar years which are shorter than the solar years. One lunar year counts 11 days less than one solar year. Year 1 of this calendar began first during the day from the Hégire, the 1st Mouharram (the 15 or the July 16th 622 of the Christian era, according to the theologists authors; the first time is known as “astronomical”, the “civil” second). This calendar was adopted ten years after this event. It is indicated that a date is given in this calendar by adding the mention (Moslem calendar) , (calendar hégirien) , (Moslem era) or (era of Hégire) ; or in summary, (H) or (AH) (of the Latin year Hegirae ).

Each month starts with the first visible crescent of the Moon starting from the new moon: according to the place from where the observation is carried out, the month can start more or less early.

There exists a variation of the Moslem calendar, known under the name of tabular Moslem calendar or (incorrectly) calendar fatimide , in which the length of the months is determined by rules of calculation and not by observation or astronomical calculation. The common year of this calendar comprises 354 or 355 Jour S, divided into 12 Mois of 30 and 29 days alternatively, of which only it twelfth (Joumada Al Oula) account a variable number of days (29 or 30). common is known as the years when this month counts 29 days, and where the year counts 354 days. abundant is known as the years when this month counts 30 days, and where the year counts 355 days.

The common years or abundant is intercalated according to a 30 years cycle cash 19 years common and 11 years abundant. There exist four principal versions of this thirty year cycle. According to the version, are abundant the years:

2,5,7,10,13,15,18,21,24,26, and 29 - " Algorithm koweïtien" (Kūshyār ibn Labbān, XIe century, and Ulugh Beg, XVe century)
2,5,7,10,13,16,18,21,24,26, and 29 - the most common Version
2,5,8,10,13,16,19,21,24,27, and 29 - (Conversion charts of Indian origin)
2,5,8,11,13,16,19,21,24,27, and 30 - (Habash Al-Hāsib, IXe century, Al-Bīrūnī, X-XIe century, and Élias de Nisibis, XIe century)

The average year during this 30 years cycle is thus of: ( 19 × 354 + 11 × 355 ) / 30 = 354,36667 which differs only from 0,0004 day (<35 S) of the true lunar year and thus makes it possible to keep the calendar synchronized on lunations for the 2500 next years.

Year Moslem having 10,11 or 12 days less than year Gregorian (according to if this one is Bissextile or not, and if the Moslem year is abundant or common), the Moslem new year occurs each calendar year in advance of this same number of days compared to the solar year, and each date of the Moslem calendar (of which in particular religious holidays and the fast of the month of Ramadan) “thus forwards” gradually by every season.

See too

Agreement of the dates of the calendars Moslem and Gregorian

External bonds

the Moslem calendar on the site Calendars Saga
the beginning of the months in the Moslem calendar: difficulties
Khalid Chraibi: Problems of the Islamic calendar
Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based one the Arithmetical gold Tabular Calendar)
The Umm Al-Qura Calendar off Saudi Arabia

Simple: Islamic calendar

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