Morvan Lebesque

Morvan Lebesque (Nantes, January 11th, 1911 - Brazil, July 4th, 1970), of its true name Maurice Lebesque, was journalist. He was born in Nantes, in the Cité of the Dukes of Brittany , Barbin quay (become Barbusse quay), and led his secondary studies to the Clemenceau college, while being school-fellow of Julien Gracq. In 1930 he is editor association with the Echo of the Loire . Person in charge for the Nantes country of the Left Breton separatist (PAB), it leaves this last in 1931 and founds, with Theophilus Jeusset, the movement and the review Breiz da zont . During the occupation, he works with the independence newspaper the Breton Hour , then to various reviews in Paris where he meets and binds friendship with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. After the Release, it enters in 1952 to the Canard connected , and takes part as from 1966 in the review separatist Ar Vro , rival of the review progressist and laic Ar Falz .

Quotations

Nothing more hateful than the racist provincialism of Barrès. Max Is Jacob less Breton for us because it is also Jewish? There is no centralism démocratique. Interdependent of the kings who colonized my country or of the " républicains" middle-class men who assassinated his culture, never. But of Proudhon, but of Jaurès, yes, certainly, deeply, passionately! As for the French, I do not have to even be to them interdependent: I am them, I am you. Without you, my Breton combat does not have a sens. I wish in Brittany much d'" étrangers" , to employ a word which for me does not have a direction; I wish Jews, Arabs, Blacks, and we will not place, us, the immigrant workers in shantytowns; my fatherland which resisted four centuries of colonialism is not afraid to become a land of welcome, it fears only the désertion.

Breton nationalism

In 1929, it is responsible for the Nantes country for the PAB (Parti Breton separatist to which it belongs of 1929 to 1931). In 1931, it scissionne with Theophilus Jeusset, and founds the movement and the review Breiz da zont , of socialist tendency national Breton. In December 1931, Jeusset launches transitory the Integral Breton Nationalist Parti. Morvan Lebesque, promoted acting general with the Propaganda, sends a message to the constitutive congress: “ I make the oath, to fight of all my forces for the establishment of the Breton Nation and the Breton State social-nationalist ”. He will write during the first time of the review Breiz da zont . The topic of its articles are on: the message which he wanted to make pass to the congress of the PNBI whose contents are nationalist-Breton, another is on “Breton national socialism” where the contents are far from being typical speech “Fasciste” of left.

Collaboration

The Breton Hour

In August 1940, he is the first editor association of the Breton Hour , the newspaper which will become so much Collaborationniste and anti-semite whom he preferred to stop working there and will desert the Breton national Parti then (GNP) held by Olier Mordrel. There thus do not remain there a long time (2 months according to some, 12 days according to him: chronic cf of Brittany , p.60), yielding the place to Ronan de Fréminville, alias Jean Merrien. It will be fortunately always denied this short period by asserting “its naivety and by ensuring that it left as soon as he realized inclinations pro-allemandes of the newspaper”. It will define in this newspaper the episode of Seas el Kébir like a “red table painted with the blood of Breton”. (September 29th 1940). And it is true that the majority of the sailors who succumbed at the time of this terrible drama were Breton.

Paris

Gone up on Paris in September 1940, it survives while working as freelance journalist until in 1943 with I am everywhere , the newspaper collaborationist of Robert Brasillach. It made appear to a news the old man , on February 21st 1941, and a chronicle entitled 150 years of varieties from March 21st to June 2nd 1941. He also writes in Small Parisian the , which publishes from October 6th to 11th 1941 a series entitled a hero of freedom, the President Krüger , delivers begun again in volume the same year by Sorlot. He fulfills also the function of secretary near the dramatic critic of I am everywhere , Alain Laubreaux.

the Duck connected

It enters to the Canard connected in 1952, knowledge of its past of Breton journalist, by finding his heading and its style, between polemic and lampoon, active pessimism and laic humanism. Albert Camus was his model. It quickly acquired a very great popularity near the readers of the Canard connected (it was for many readers a true spiritual adviser), but was held in margin of the drafting. It was satisfied to send its papers by the post office or by dispach rider and did not appear any more but for the special occasionss. In 1960, one estimated that its articles were read by the 350 000 weekly purchasers of the Duck connected . Some are roneoed, printed in the form of leaflets, distributed in schools or are posted like “mural newspaper” in workshops. An American university translated them and registered with its program. It is estimated that actually, thanks to this voluntary diffusion, the number of its readers exceeds the million.

Ar Vro

It takes part in 1966 in the review Ar Vro under the pseudonym of Yann Lozac' H , with, of old of Breiz Atao and Stur like Meavenn, Jean-Marie Chanteau, Olier Mordrel, Alain Guel, Yann Kerlann. It holds also the heading cinema in the review Carrefour . It takes part in the monthly magazine " The People breton" , body of the " Democratic union bretonne" , of 1968 with its death.

The discovery or ignorance, the theater

the song of the Tri Yann, the discovery or ignorance from a text written by Morvan Lebesque in his book Comment can one comes be Breton? Here the extract of the book (the quotation marks and the italic are of origin, the passages in fat are those appearing in the song of Sorting Yann):

the Breton one is my native tongue? Not: I was born in Nantes where it is not spoken. do I speak it? Seldom, and not rather well to write it. am I even Breton? Really, I believe it and will explain me. But of “pure race”, that do I know of it and that import?

"You are thus not racist?
do not insult me.
Separatist? Separatist? Regionalistic?
All that, nothing of that. Beyond.
But then, we do not include ourselves/understand any more. What do you call Breton? And initially, why the being? Question by no means absurd. French of registry office, I am named French, I assume my French situation at every moment; my membership in Brittany is on the other hand only one optional quality which I then perfectly to disavow or ignore. I did it besides. I was unaware of a long time that I was Breton. I have it per forgotten moment. French without problem, it is necessary for me thus to live Brittany of surplus or, for better saying, in conscience: if I lose this conscience, Brittany ceases being in me; if all the Breton ones lose it, it absolutely ceases being. Brittany does not have papers. It exists only insofar as, with each generation, of the men recognize themselves Breton. At this hour, children are born in Brittany. Will they be Breton? No one does not know it. With each one, the come age, the discovery or ignorance.

But, by a just reward of the things, this identity that us are denied finds a rigor which misses with the official charts. Expelled of the land register, we find by force this conscience in us. How can one be Breton? It cannot. And yet let us be we it. It is necessary for us thus perpetually to be questioned, has less of living without us to include/understand; at the bottom of us, we discover this surprising difference; we analyze it, we discuss it; it becomes an experiment (...) such as with each generation, it is always the Breton ones to live it and to tell it between them. And always, except for some nuances, they come to same the accounts: impassioned meetings, first excessive or puerile reflexes, the exaltation and tearing, then the passage of the feelings to the reason, the long ripening of the Breton idea. Lastly, the conclusion: to be Breton mean well beyond, to better be used as sound its time and the men. Because this conscience becomes for much among us political commitment - and logically, engagement on the left. By the going beyond of a primary education Breton feeling, it rises with the general policy and provides us a key for including/understanding best. Far from cutting off, it gathers; it signs foreign writings or acts in Brittany, granted to the movement of the world. We give him a name, Emsav: alarm clock, resurrection. Definition of a fatherland, but also from the democracy, both inséparables.
Paradoxically, its civil death attests Brittany. We think it, therefore it is.

It makes play four parts of Théâtre: the Discovery of the New World (according to Lope de Vega), Venice Saved (according to Ottway), been engaged of the Seine and always of topicality Love among us .

He dies in the Brésil in July 1970 during a lecture tour on the Breton Culture.

Publications

a hero of freedom, Krüger the lion , Sorlot, 1941.
Jacques Cartier, discoverer of New France. Denoël. 1942. drawings of Dominique. Coll The Fleur of France; 4. The Large navigators
Soldiers without hope , Laffont, 1947
the law and the system , coll the Immediate History, ED of the Threshold
First chronicles of the Duck , Pauvert, 1960
Camus by itself , coll Writers of Always, ED of the Threshold, 1963
television enters the lines, with the self-portrait of a producer Jean-Christophe Averty (in coll.avec Lucien Barnier), Casterman, 1967
Chroniques of the Duck , Laffont, coll Libertés, 1968
Comment can one be Breton? Test on the French Democracy , ED of the Threshold, coll Immediate History, 1970. Preface Gwenc' hlan Scouëzec.
" Chronicles bretonnes" , collection of 2 talks and 14 chronicles published in " The Breton" People;. Also a chronicle published in " includes/understands; The Nation bretonne" , ED. Bretagnes, Clink, 1983.

References

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