Monument

The word “ monument ” comes from Latin monumentum , of moneo “to remind itself”. indicate all Sculpture or works architectural which makes it possible to point out an event or a person.

In its general direction, the term “monument” indicates a building or a structure of historical value and cultural. According to the French law of 1913, an object having an exceptional value for the memory of the artistic past can, even being of small size, being classified Historic building.

Sometimes “monuments” of constructions are called from of which first of all, the goal was different, such as for example the Eiffel Tower built in 1889 in Paris. These works became the emblem of a city or people. Sometimes, their destruction has a value symbolic system, such as for example the unbolting of the statues of Stalin at the time of the Déstalinisation of the USSR.

Typology

Religious monuments

Neolithic era

Christian Europe

  • Church
  • episcopal Palate
  • Convent

Profane monuments

Christian Europe

Ancient monuments

The first monuments date from prehistory, in the places of worships where the tombs and the tumulus announced by Mégalithe S such as the Menhir S and the Dolmen S of Carnac and Stonehenge had a very great importance.

Moreover, the Egypt is one of the best examples with its Pyramide S, Statue S and Obélisque S.

At the time gréco-Roman, the principal types of modern monuments continue: large-sized monuments, the Mausoleum S.

See also : Palate, in its ancient meaning.

After the advent of Christianity

The Christianisme condemns the ancient worships, and thus causes an abandonment of the ancient monuments, with the profit of the construction of churches and news Basilique S with religious function. Certain ancient buildings are transformed, such as for example the the Pantheon of Rome.

At the 19th century

First half

The neo-classic style is essential and reintroduces the forms gréco-Romans, such as for example the statue of Napoleon 1st realized by Antonio Canova. The triumphal arch of Star in Paris, built in 1836, takes as a starting point the arc of Titus to Rome. The Pantheon of Paris also built east.

Second half

Works allegorical symbolic systems and or on the contrary realistic are more appraisals. The Statue of Freedom is carried out by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi and the engineer Gustave Eiffel between 1875 and 1884. This one commemorates the independence of the the United States.

Since the XX' e century

The monument enters an serious attack. This one wants to gain a clean autonomy and to become an independent work of art, without bond with the place where it is located. It is sometimes carried out with unusual materials.

Conclusion

The monument thus knew many changes, since its appearance with Prehistory, then its great popularity during Antiquity in Rome and in Egypt. Christianity makes it forget but it returns during the Rebirth and at the 19th century. However, nowadays, the monument tends to lose its characteristics of origin.

See too

  • War memorial the after the First World War, in the communes of Europe
  • Historic building
  • Buildings of Conservatory France
  • of the inheritance

Simple: Monument

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