Mons (VAr)

See also: Mons (homonymy)



Mons is a common French, located in the department of the Var and the area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure.

History,

  • the men are present there since prehistory, as testify some to many dolmens or others fomes of tombs.

  • the first known establishment was called Avaye.
  • Towards the middle of the 1st century after JC, the Romans builds an aqueduct of 41.567 m which makes it possible to lead the water of the sources of the Siagnole to Fréjus. It is always in function dansson way on the commune of Mons.
  • the first mention of Mons is found in Cartulaire de Lerins, which mentions a “Fulco of Mons” (1026-1066) which pays the albergue and the cavalcade (1249-1252)
  • Following several epidemics, especially of Peste, natural disasters (rigorous winter), the population is decimated and, on several occasions, it is necessary to call upon foreigners of the back countries génois the “Figouns”, who preserve their dialect the Figoun. Thus in the middle of XVe century, Antoine of Villeneuve must again invite forty families to come to Mons. Escragnolles makes in the same way.
  • 1227: earthquake of Provence
  • 1260: first act of dwelling,
  • 1348: epidemic of plague: Given up Avaye-Villevieille,
  • 1364: famine,
  • 1391: bag of Callian by Raymond de Turenne (one of the possible causes of the depopulation of Mons)
  • 1392-4: epidemic of plague,
  • 1448: north-Mediterranean earthquake,
  • 1468: act of dwelling or transaction between Antoine of Villeneuve and his villagers, granting new rights to them.
  • 1481: Provence is attached to France,
  • 1532: arrété municipal prohibiting to the men and to the women to embrace in swinging (dancing)!
  • 1572: the saint Barthelemy: the count de Carcès refuses to carry out it, Mons lines up behind him (carcists) and Razats (shaven) behind the Arcs, from where the continuation:
  • in 1590, on November 15th, the Duke Charles-Emmanuel Ier of Savoy, good catholic, aspiring to Provence, pushed by revenge by Henri on Villeneuve, said the Cruel one, succeeds in the exploit to make mount its guns to Mons, begins the seat of the strengthened village, at the 5th day several, the women defend it by sending hives (bruscs) on besieging, and for lack of ground, repair the breaches with mattresses of sheets and hay. At the 11th day the Savoyard ones penetrate in the city… a score of besieged were hung, and Mons condemned to a fine of 20.000 ECUs.
  • 1613: abundant snow,
  • 1629: plague,
  • 1644: Nice-Marseilles earthquake,
  • 1685: arrété municipal prohibiting the purchase of olives (to avoid the flight on the tree).
  • 1709: frightening winter: the olive-trees meurrent,
  • 1720: plague of Marseilles,
  • 1744: disease of the nail (goats),
  • 1753: (dryness) arrété municipal prohibiting to take water to wash, baste or manufacture hats!
  • 1755: intense cold,
  • 1762: hail devastator,
  • 1767: leasing of the communal mills, epidemic of tuberculosis,
  • 1770: plantation of elms on the saint-Sebastien place.
  • 1788: rigorous winter: the olive-trees freeze,
  • 1813: the prefect visits the cave of Combrière.
  • 1835: separation Tanneron-Callian
  • 1843: the commune buys poison against the wolves.
  • 1855: unemployment importatnt,
  • 1860: creation of the department of the Alpes-Maritimes with replanning of the department of the VAr,
  • 1954: rigorous winter.

  • the reputation of workers of its inhabitants had been worth to them in 1835 the Chinese nickname of Provence.

  • In 1970, the creation of the Camp of Canjuers cuts down the city by Mons of the Saint-Marcellin cheese territories (the Saint-Marcellin cheese corn was famous), of Villard and part of the mounts of Malaye.

The Figoun and Figouns

The Figouns of Mons were accommodated (against franknesses to be paid in return) in two periods: 1260 and 1468: as good masons, they took part largely in the construction of cheap and its ramparts. It is at their time that the olive-tree fur introduces into the area. They are often related to the culture of the figs (frigoule or frigoure), from where their name.

The Figoun is a mixture not structured of Ligurian, gènois, and of Provence. Some monsois still make use of it when they do not want to be included/understood by the estrangers!

The abbot Jean-Pierre Papon (1780) brings back one of the first testimonys of this dialect: it is believed that it is the idiom of Buckwheats: one is mistaken, it is old the oasis of Gênes". It was used until the end of the XIX E and left very few hard copies.

In 2007, in the files of the castle of Beauregard, one finds ten the layers handwritten old, but impossible to date, bearing translation of what seems to be terms of figoun.

Traditions

  • Holy-Maxime is the “holy owner” of Mons,

  • February, 1st weekend: Holy Agathe, festival of the women,

  • May: mass with the vault of Marcellin Saint] (Camp of Canjuers),
  • June, 15: celebrates Inheritance,
  • June, 29: Vault Saint Pierre in Riens = small roumagavi
  • August, 15: employers' festival of Notre-Dame.

Resistance:

  • maquis of Malaye: Vallier maquis, ftp, section Attérissages-Parachutings S.A.P.) of the Lafayette camp… to see: Initials of Resistance

Presentation

Geography

Perched village, built on an enormous rock, strengthened village, village of character and characters (of mountain dwellers living in autarky), the village of Mons offers an imposing panorama on the Mediterranean, the Islands of Lérins, the Moors and clear time, one can see the Corsica .

It is a quiet and accessible village with its picturesque streets, its robust houses built out of stones of the country. Saint-Sebastien place offers an exceptional panorama whatever evening time and, a table of orientation will help you to rectify your local geographical knowledge.

The territory of a surface of 7.663 ha stages confluence of the Siagne and of Siagnole to 241 m to more the high summit of the VAr, the Montagne of Lachens with 1.715 Mr. the village is with 814 meters of altitude. It is in extreme cases higher of culture of the olive-tree the S on least terasse retained by Restanque S or faïsses, in full area of ((truffle]] S of Miel.

The throats of the Siagnole with its Mill S, its Cave S, are splendid, in charge of history, and favourable with the excursion, the bathes out of water fraiche, the fishing or with the Canyoning.

Administration

Demography

  • One calls the inhabitants of Mons the Moussencs

priests of Mons

Twinnings

  • Gurbesti, Romania, village adopted

Built inheritance

Préhistoire

Neolithic, Chalcolithique: strengthened Castrum, Dolmen S, Habitats, Tumulus, Tombs in Block, Caves sépulchrales.

Strengthened Habitats

Dolmens (Chalcolithique) and another collective tombs See: Dolmens of the VAr

always open towards the setting one, sometimes with double room (concealed), the first for the recent skins, the second for the “reductions”. Both are prédées of an anteroom. The number of the teeth found on the spot makes it possible to evaluate the number of burials.

Epoque Roman and gauloise











The ager Celbano

Mons belongs to this district depending on the Abbey on Saint-Victor on Marseilles.

Roman aqueduct from Mons to Fréjus

The Roman aqueduct from Mons to Fréjus: the vauclusiennes sources of Neissoun and its initial part: site classified Historic building (France)

The Roman aqueduct with Rock-Cut or Roquetaillade, site classified Historic building (France)

The Roman aqueduct from Mons to Fréjus in the field of San-Peyre

Transition towards Moyen-Age

Castrum

Post-Médiéval

Religious architecture

Castles

the primitive castle of XIIIe

other castles

There exists out of Right Bank of Siagne, between Siagne of Pare and Miron, opposite wood Malignant, a place says “castle of the hell” where one finds some stones perched in top of a rock piton. One does not have any information however about it.

Infrastructures

Aqueduct of Riens or Saint-Pierre (XVIe)

Aqueduct of Beauregard (XVIe)

Small aqueduct of the castle of Lubi (XVIe)

Passé récent

Infrastructures

Sources, fountains and laundrettes

bridges

The stone dries: Huts (Borie S), Cottages, Apiés, Wells covered, to see: Pierre Dries

ThePigeon one

Mills, factories and stoppings

Moderne time

The modern control of doubling of the Roman aqueduct known as channel Jourdan (1894)

Natural heritage

Caves and Canyons

Caves, swallow-holes, networks, swallow-holes faults, resurgences (nearly 150)

Ajustadous, Canebières, Combriere, Esclapon, Paintings, Pestiferous, Peygros, Distinct…

It is in the cave of the Flies, on the wire that the deserters of the war of 1914-1918 had taken refuge.

Losses and resurgences

They are too numerous to be all enumerated

    • downtown: loss of the red Small valley in the premeier turn towards the collar of Valley Tool bag,
    • on the wire:
      • there exist at least three source notable of Neissoun, May insufficient to upstream supply the aqueduct.
      • locality “the losses of the wire” in the north of the village on the level of Tilery, announced on the chart IGN,
      • it is frequent that the Wire runs with the lower part of the bridge of Veynes, but remains dry on the level of Neissoun,
      • the hunters speak about a loss which requires a sufficient flow, to undoubtedly start a siphon.
    • on Siagnole:
      • the siagnole disappears by places for réappraître several hundreds from meters further,
      • resurgences are very many, sometimes bulky (hole of Ox): one recognizes them with the difference in temperature of water.

Fauna, Flora, Drive out, Pêche, Protection of nature, Natura 2000:

La step Natura 2000

  • Following the report worrying of a biodiversity in regression even in disappearance at the planetary level, the European Union decided to stop the process. The step Natura 2000 consists in supporting, on the eligible sites, the maintenance of the biodiversity while taking account of the socio-economic requirements in a logic of sustainable development.

Thus, the European Union was brought to adopt two directives: one in April 1979 relates to the birds, the other in May 1992 relates to certain natural habitats, to give to the Member States a common framework of intervention in favor of the safeguarding of the natural environments and the species.
  • the directive Habitats of May 21st, 1992, known as directive 92/43/C.E.E. which concerns the site FR 9301574 " Throats of Siagne " , the conservation of the habitats of fauna and the flora savages envisages. It is inspired by the Convention of Bern of 1989 relating to the conservation of the wild life and the natural environments in Europe. In application, it envisages the creation of a European ecological network of Special Zones of Conservation (ZSC).
  • This directive is pressed on 6 appendices and particularly on the appendix II " species being the subject of measurements of conservation" and the appendix IV " species being the subject of strictes" protection measures;.
  • it France conceals many natural environments and species which concern this directive and which were the subject of a census carried out under the aegis of the National Museum of Natural history. From this census, the directive led to the creation of a network Natura 2000 into 2006 which takes again the objectives laid down by Convention on the biological diversity adopted at the time of the “Summit of the Earth” in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and ratified by France in 1996.
  • - Natura 2000 aims to maintain biological diversity, while respecting the human activities. Concretely, the step Natura 2000 does not consist in creating sanctuaries of nature but ensuring the conservation or the re-establishment of species and recognized natural spaces of Community interest by the implementation of a sustainable development reconciling ecological requirements and economic, cultural and social requirements. Also, the directive habitats wants to be to be a directive of management starting from a contractual approach privileging the dialog with all the interlocutors concerned.

Le site FR 93 01574-2005 " Throats of Siagne"

  • extends from the sources of the river with Escragnolles with Auribeau-on-Siagne on a surface of approximately 5300 ha.

With the title of the European directive 92/43/C.E.E. known as “Habitats”, this site was retained in particular because of its complex of very deep throats sometimes constituting a zone of reception for many species. The combination of climatic and geological factors made it possible High Siagne to preserve its wild character. Located at a crossroads associating climates mountain and Mediterranean and substrates limestone and crystalline lens, it is characterized by a great biological diversity for the area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure.

  • One distinguishes six great types of natural environments on the territory of High Siagne:

    • them underground mediums (caves and cavities)
    • them saxicolous mediums (cliffs and fall)
    • them aquatic environments (Siagne, Siagnole, Siagne of Avoid, and their sources)
    • them moist environments (funds of valleys and throats)
    • them closed forest mediums (pubescent oak grove, green oak grove, chestnut grove, hêtraie, charmaie, suberaie, mimosa, moors, maquis and garrigues)
    • them open mediums (olive groves, zones of cultures, lawns, formations shrubby)

  • This site shelters 23 habitats of Community interest including 7 of priority interest with more than 80 species of fauna protected (except birds), about fifty protected birds and 24 protected plant species.

  • the S.I.I.V.U. (Syndycat Interdépartemental, Inter-commune with Single Vocation) of High Siagne operator of the site was appointed successively to work out and make validate the DOCOB, then stimulating for the management of the site as well of the hydrosystème as of the terrestrial environments. He has accounts to return to the State as for carried out work and the results obtained.

The Restanque S or faïsses

the olive-tree

The Wolf in the history of Mons, to see: The wolf with Canjuers

The Hemp cultivated in Mons

Flowers with Perfume

Truffle S (rabasses)

  • Truffle: the reference = to tube melanosporun (black, in winter), but the truffles d'" été" maienco (gray, in spring), estiven (white, in summer) is often remarkable.

  • before the creation of the camp, the O.N.F amodiait 400 ha of wood for its research in the western part of the camp for 30.000 F


  • Prix average of the kilo of truffles gathered on the plate of Canjuers and sold on the market of Carpentras:

  • Prix average of the kilo of truffles gathered on the plate of Canjuers and sold on the market of Laugh:

  • currently, and for the same amount, you cannot buy a half truffle (and small, in more!).

The Honey (Apiés, bruscs)


















The Chiroptère S

Very many in fact of the abundance of the caves, the bell-towers, but also of the Roman aqueduct… Of a protection negotiated with Natura 2000 certain particularly active caves in period of reprodcution (May) are the subject are henceforth prohibited access to the spéléos.

















Patrimoine intellectual and humain

Museums

Personalities related to the commune,

It is completely impossible to quote all the famous members of the family of Villeneuve (one of largest of France: nearly 1400 authenticated members gathered in “branches” before 1900, with descendants surviving nowadays: Ampus, Arcs, Bargemon, Barrême, Counting frames, Beauregard, Berlière, Burgundy, Callian, Cananilles, Carros, Clemensane, Clumanc, Esclapon, Espinouse, Flayosc, Barns, Fatty, Gréolières, Holland, Lascaris, Mons, Montignan, Monvoisin, Oppio, Ramatuelle, Revest, Castling, Russia, Saint-Cézaire, Séranon, Source, Tartonne, Trans, Thorenc, Tourrettes-lès-Fayence, Tourrettes-lès-Vence, Vauclause, Villevieille, and which provided during the centuries: those of Mons had as strongholds: Avaye, Beauregard, Cananilles, Esclapon, Gaut (d), Pibresson, Midsummer's Day, Saint-Marcellin cheeses, Saint-Pierre, Tansonive…

  • of the big family result:
  • of the cross ones: Pons of Villeneuve, Arnaud of Villeneuve
  • holy: Holy Roseline (Abbey, the Arcs-sur-Argens, vault with the castle of Beauregard…)
  • one excommunicated: Pierre Romieu of Villeneuve, in 1291,
  • of the men and the women of Church: prètres, abbots, canons, priors, évèques, Mothers Superior…
  • of the members and dignitaries of the majority of the great Orders: Malta, Hospital,…
  • of the men of war: Pierre Charles, Jean-Baptiste, Woodland of Villeneuve-Esclapon, rear-admiral to the Battle of Trafalgar,
  • of the politicians (mayors, prefects, advisers),
  • of the men of letters (archeologists, historians),
  • unfortunately of the victims of the Revolution,
  • and even a distance Canadian automobile courror: Jacques Villeneuve!
  • the stronghold of Beauregard is currently held by De Clarens.

Curiosités

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Mons on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Mons on the site of INSEE
  • Mons on the site of Quid
  • Localization of Mons on a chart of France and communes bordering
  • Plane on Mons on Mapquest
  • History of English Mons
  • Town hall of Mons
  • Weather: memorable dates
  • the Wolf with Canjuers
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