Monopoly

History

The Monopoly was created in 1933 by Charles Darrow, salesman of equipment of American heating with the Chômage. The play is very strongly inspired by the play The Landlord' S Game created by Lizzie Magie in 1904 and that Charles liked much in his childhood.

Description

The play contains a Tablier of square play, whose contour is bordered of boxes, several symbolizing a property. The tokens are current objects in miniature: Die to sew, Hat top hat, etc Of the money symbolic system, the charts and the dice supplement the material part of the play. At least two players are necessary so that a part can start. The higher limit is of eight players, but with this number of participants a part could last ten hours.

Various editions are presented in detail below.

With the the United States, there exists an annual contest for the followers of this play. The parts are animated and often struck with the seal of the lure of gain. There exists a championship of France of Monopoly, of which the winner gains the right to take part in the championship of the world.

In 2005, the play is published in nearly 26 languages. Regional editions, taking again the name of the streets of French big cities, were marketed. There exist also several variations of the product: Monopoly Junior , CD-ROM, etc Of the special editions is regularly published: Coca-Cola (E. - U.), National Parks (E. - U.), Las Vegas (E. - U.), Star Wars, Lord off the Boxing ring (E. - U.), Pokemon, Garfield (E. - U.), World cup, Nascar (E. - U.), etc

Hasbro envisaged to leave in spring 2008, during the municipal elections, an special edition of French Monopoly, which instead of the streets of Paris will have as boxes of the French cities; there to decide cities having to appear, a vote on Internet was organized from September 10th to October 10th, 2007 on Internet site of the play.

Anecdotes

Winston Churchill would have been a fine follower.
a version was especially produced for Astronaute S.
Another version was especially produced for Scaphandrier S.
Another version was especially produced for Esperanto phons.
Another version was especially produced for Nintendo.
the play was interdict with the general public in the USSR because on its Western side. On the other hand, it was used there in the schools of frameworks in order to precisely sensitize them with capitalist mentality.
the name of this play is paradoxical if one interprets it according to his apparent Greek roots: mono means " un" or " unique" , and poly " plusieurs". This paradox disappears if one remembers that in English monopoly means simply Monopole.
In August 2007, the editor Hasbro lance a vote on Internet, Monopoly England , proposing to the Net surfers to vote each day for a city of the United Kingdom, the 22 prizes winner cities seeing at the end it play to grant one of the 22 boxes of the plan of play of the edition to come.
In Germany, an identical vote led to indicate the town of Saarbrucken like puts most expensive, the second position returning with Berlin, the capital of Germany.
From September 10th to October 10th, 2007, the same type of vote is launched to France for an edition Monopoly France . The Net surfers are invited to indicate the 22 prizes winner cities. Support groups invite to vote for several cities, sometimes even on the municipal official site. An unforeseen village, Montcuq, caracol at the head of the survey as of the second week of vote. This village had been made famous for the emission the Small Rapporteur of Jacques Martin, deceased on September 14th, 2007, at the beginning of the vote campaign. The results were revealed the November 9th 2007. As waited, the town of Montcuq arrives largely at the head while Télérama qualifies this decision of “scandal” and of “parody of participative democracy”.
In October 2007, the same procedure of vote is planned for Belgium, but the editor of the play (Hasbro) worries about the subjacent political questions with the 3 versions which it provides.

Rules of the game

The properties are classified by colors, and once a player in possession of the whole of the properties of the same color, it is able to build houses and hotels, the player thus has a Monopole.

It is what explains the presence of the portrait of the financier John Pierpont Morgan, financier recognized like rough with the profit, on the first editions of the play.

This play proceeds out of turn by turn, with two Dé S with 6 faces. Each player launches the dice, advances his pawn on the course, then according to the box on which it is will carry out a corresponding action:

a ground belonging to nobody: it then has the right to buy it, without what the banker the met with the Enchère S with its value of Hypothèque.
a ground pertaining to some other player: he pays him the sum due for one night spent on this ground.
Box Chance: He draws a chart Chance . To note that this box does not carry necessarily chance: it can indeed be a question of a fine! Chance (in French) is an adaptation of Chance (in English) which means Hasard rather.
Box Case of the Community: It draws a chart Caisse from the Community .

If it passed at the time of its turn by the Départ box, the player receives 200 €.

When it has all the titles of the same color, the player has the right to build. He must do it uniformly: there cannot be more than one house of difference between two grounds of the same color (a hotel is regarded as 5 houses).

The winner is the last player not having made Faillite, which has of this fact the monopoly (but on the other hand more no potential customers!).

Modifications sometimes observed

the official rule is formal: when one is in prison, one does not pay (inevitably!) no rents, while one continues to box some. In the the Sixties in France, that appeared immoral and a rule of substitution attends was that one did not touch rents in prison.
a more recent alternative was to introduce the concept of Inflation by preserving all the collected taxes and fines, and to make box the pot thus make up by the player who is posed on the free carpark. This arrangement decreases however the role of the strategic skill of the players to introduce there a larger part of pure chance.

Detail of the course

By convention, one considers that there are 41 boxes, since the box “Prison” makes dual employment: n° 10, simple visit; n° 40, prison.

Original edition of 1933

The streets of the American city of Atlantic City are used in the original version of Monopoly. The values of the streets are not registered on the table of play.

French edition (old version in frank)

Note: the prices were made starting from the American version by a simple multiplication ata largely round rate at the time (1 $ = 100 FF) for practical reasons, in order to obtain amounts easy to play. However, as in the majority of the other national editions of Monopoly (except the British edition), the tax on luxury goods was increased by a third (thus the 75 $ are converted into 10.000 FF).

Swiss edition

The Swiss edition is a bilingual version in German and French. The rules, names of the boxes, as well as the charts are in these two languages.

The box Caisse from the Community is replaced by the box Kanzlei-Chancellery . The grounds represent the main cities of Switzerland, or more precisely a street of these cities, with, each time, the two translations. The currency is the Swiss franc.

Belgian edition

The Belgian edition of the play is bilingual (French/Dutch) and takes again the important streets of the main cities of the country. The streets being located in Flanders are written in Dutch, the streets of French Wallonia and the streets of Brussels in the two languages. The boxes of the stations, being all in Brussels, are also bilingual. It should be noted that one of the stations is replaced by the local Tramway S.

European edition

The streets are replaced by cities belonging to the European Union, plus the Suisse. The Gare S are replaced by Aéroport S. the currency is the Euro.

Values of the currencies

The various prices of streets, taxes, etc, result from one country to another by a simple monetary conversion.

Thus, if the original version were in American dollars, the foreign versions result some:

1 Franc French is worth 0,01 $
1 Swiss franc is worth 0,05 $ (that is to say 5 francs French)
1 € is worth 0,80 $
1 £ English is worth 1 $

Nevertheless, in the American version, the tax on luxury goods is worth 75 $, whereas in the other countries, it are worth 100 $ (100 £ for the english language version, 10 000F for the French version, 100 € for the European version).

All the national versions of Europe exist from now on in Euro version, with the same prices as the European version.

Quotation

I remember that with the " Monopoly" , the avenue of Breteuil is green, red the Henri-Martin avenue, and orange the Mozart avenue | Georges Perec | I remember, 18

Some variations of Monopoly

Monopoly Nintendo Collector' S edition
Monopoly Star Wars Episode 1
Monopoly Star Wars Episode 2
Monopoly Star Wars Saga
Monopoly the Lord of the Rings, edition Trilogie
Monopoly Pokemon
Monopoly Disney
Monopoly And if Monopoly were created today?
Monopoly Simpsons
Monopoly DVD
Many editions devoted to areas or cities

See too

Paris > Districts of Paris > List of the streets of Paris

External bonds

official
the card on Trictrac
Overall picture
Monopoly and mathematical
Monopoly and mathematical Rules
Probabilities in the play of Monopoly
various versions of Monopoly on sale currently

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