Mohammed V Al-Ghani

Abû `Abd Allâh “Al-Ghanî Bi-llâh” Mohammed Ben Yûsuf is the eighth emir nasride of Grenade. He is called Al-Ghanî ( fortunate the ). He was born in 1338. He is the son of Yûsuf I {{er}} and of a slave. In 1354, it succeeds his/her father after his assassination. It has a half-sister junior, but of royal blood, Aïcha. Its reign is stopped in 1359 whereas it is only 19 years old. His/her half-brother Ismâ `it II seizes the power, then the instigator of this coup d'etat, Mohammed VI Al 'Ahmar succeeds to him until 1362. Mohammed Al-Ghanî takes again the capacity and remains there until her death in 1391. His/her son Yûsuf II succeeds to him.

Biography

First reign (1354 - 1359)

Mohammed Al-Ghanî is only sixteen years old when his/her father Yûsuf I {{er}} is assassinated. Mohammed Al-Ghanî will be under the supervision of two regents: the hâjib Abû Radhwân year-Nûr and the Vizier Lisân AD-DIN Ben Al-Khatîb which was already the vizier of its Yûsuf father Ist.

For this period Castille and Aragon are made the war. What leaves the emirate of Grenade in a situation of relative peace. Nevertheless during this war Mohammed Al-Ghanî is brought to support its suzerain, the king de Castille Pierre " the cruel" by providing him three galères (1358). Mohammed Al-Ghanî attracts himself thus the hostility of the king d' Aragon Pierre IV " the cérémonieux". Malaga is placed at the disposal of the naval forces Castilians. Mohammed Al-Ghanî prepares to enter the territory of Murcie to attack the southern border of the kingdom of Aragon when it is victim of a coup d'etat which it détrône on August 21st, 1359.

Interregnum (1359 - 1362)

The coup d'etat would have been fomented by two family members nasride Abû Al-Walîd Ismâ `it II his/her half-brother junior resulting from the legitimate wife by their father and Abû “Abd Allâh Mohammed a relative devoured from ambition of Mohammed Al-Ghanî. Encouraged by Miriam, mother of Ismâ `it, a hundred insurrectionists climb the walls of the Alhambra, surprise the guard and assassinate the hâgib Abû Radhwân year-Nûr. Abû Al-Walîd Ismâ `it seizes the power. Mohammed Al-Ghanî manages to flee. He arrives the following day to Guadix and receives in the fortress the oath of allegiance of the population thanks to the commander of the “combatants for the faith” `Alî Badr AD-DIN Mûsâ. Pierre " the cruel" in the incapacity to come to assistance of Mohammed Al-Ghanî bus it is in hillock with his elder half-brother, wire bastard of the king Alphonse XI Henri de Trastamare supported by Pierre IV " the cérémonieux". Mohammed Al-Ghanî took refuge with her family with the Morocco at the Mérinides.

The reign of Ismâ `it is short, on June 28th, 1360, Mohammed Al 'Ahmar makes it assassinate like her brothers and her viziers. It seizes the power under the name of Mohammed VI. It is not long in dissatisfying the court and the people of Grenade by his brutality, its coarseness and its nervousness. It makes an exchange of ambassadors with the enemy Pierre IV of Aragon " the cérémonieux".

Little time after Pierre " the cruel" overcomes the Aragoneses and Henri de Trastamare with the battle of Nájera. It can from now on come to assistance of Mohammed Al-Ghanî. At the end of February/at the beginning of March 1362, Pierre " the cruel" and Mohammed Al-Ghanî meet in Castro del Río and walk towards Grenade. Mohammed Al 'Ahmar flees towards Seville where it is taken and carried out by two soldiers of Pierre " the cruel" , on April 25th, 1362.

Second reign (1362 - 1391)

Mohammed Al-Ghanî returns to the capacity for one of the longest reigns of Nasrides.

Ibn Khaldûn in its autobiography tells that it arrives at Grenade on December 26th, 1362 It is very cordially received by the emir and his vizier Ibn Al-Khatîb which it had already met in Fès at the time of their forced exile. Ibn Khaldûn had dealt with the family of the emir when it had set out again to only take again his throne. In 1363, emir Mohammed Al-Ghanî sends Ibn Khaldûn in embassy near the king Pierre " the cruel" of Castille to complete a treaty enters Castille and Mérinides. In its departure, Pierre " the cruel" he give in gift a mule fringante equipped with heavy clamps and a gold support. I made some present at the sultan, who gave me the village of Elvira out of ground irrigated in the plain of Grenade. It made me draw up act. The same year Ibn Khaldûn sets out again for the Maghreb.

In October 1365, the king of Cyprus Pierre {{Ier}} of Lusignan leads a force of Cypriot and Westerners in Croisade and takes Alexandria. The European knights refuse to follow it to the attack of the Cairo, and it is obliged to go back to Cyprus. Mohammed Al-Ghanî sends to Cairo an embassy near the sultan Mameluke bahrite Al-Achrâf Nâsir AD-DIN Cha `bân to congratulate it to have rejected this attack against Alexandria. The envoys of Grenade return out of Al-Ándalus with two thousand dinars Egyptian, but without hope to obtain a direct military aid. Egypt mamelouke had signed with the kingdoms of Aragon and of Castille several commercial treaties and its foreign policy was always extremely pragmatic.

Pierre cruel the and Mohammed Al-Ghanî have the best relations. Mohammed Al-Ghanî ensures it of her support during the civil war between the king and Henri de Trastamare. Mohammed Al-Ghanî in exchange could conquer Algésiras. March 13rd, 1369, begins the battle of Montiel between Pierre cruel the and the allied army of Henri de Trastamare to the Aragoneses and French and English knights. It is a defeat for Pierre Ist It dies stabbed in the tent of Bertrand of Guesclin on March 22nd, 1369.

In 1371, it is vizier Lisân AD-DIN Ben Al-Khatîb, friend of Ibn Khaldûn, since the exile of 1359, which directs the emirate of Grenade. Its will have gradually decreases because of calumnies coming influential characters such as the poet Ibn Zamrak. These calumnies report that Ibn Al-Khâtib is with the service of Mérinides which would aspire to conquer the throne of Grenade. Finally Ibn Al-Khâtib is constrained to be exiled and finds refuge with Fès at Mérinides, thus accrediting the charges of which it had been the object. Four years later, he dies strangled by assassins sent by Mohammed Al-Ghanî.

In 1372, the dynasty mérinide knows a period of instability. Mohammed sit `îd is introduced like heir to its father Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz to the 5 years age. It does not reign, it dies in 1373. In 1374, Abû Al `Abbâs supported by the Nasrides takes the succession with Fès, but Abû Zayd `rear-Rahman Abd creates a competitor kingdom with Marrakech.

In 1375, Ibn Khaldûn returns to Grenade, it is well accommodated by emir Mohammed Al-Ghanî. From Morocco comes the order to return because one reproaches him his friendship for Abû Zayd `rear-Rahman Abd. Mohammed Al-Ghanî refuses to return Ibn Khaldûn to Fès but the fact of unloading with Tlemcen, from where it goes towards Tunis which had become the residence of its family.

In 1387, Abû Al `Abbâs remakes the unit of the kingdom mérinide. Morocco knows six years of peace although Abû Al `Abbâs benefits from this period to reconquer Tlemcen and Algiers.

In 1391, Mohammed Al-Ghanî dies and leaves her throne to her son Abû Al-Hajjâj Yûsuf

Heritage

One owes in Mohammed Al-Ghanî the construction of the place of the Lions to the Alhambra and the mechouar ( Cuarto Dorado ). It made build a hospital with Grenade.

After the very short reign of Ismâ `it II, its murderer Mohammed VI Al 'Ahmar succeeds to him in 1360.

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