Mohammed IX Al-Aysar

Mohammed IX have-Saghîr Ben Nasr called Have-Saghîr ( small the ) ou
Abû `Abd Allâh Al 'Aysar Al-Ghâlib Mohammed IX Ben Nasr . Called Al 'Aysar or El Zurdo ( the left-handed person ) and Al-Ghâlib ( the winner ) is the fifteenth emir nasride of Grenade. He was born in 1396. He is the grandson of Mohammed V Al-Ghanî, his father did not reign. He initially succeeds Mohammed VIII Al-Mutamassik in 1419. Its reign particularly chaotic since is stopped with three recoveries. He dies in 1453.

Biography

All its reign will be marked by lutes between the clans and the interventions of the Castille, which will produce this stopped reign with three rather short recoveries.

During all his reign king de Castille is Jean II which has only one year with its accession with the throne in 1406. Jean II with the reputation to be one of the weakest kings and able of the history of Castille. Under its reign, Castille does not represent a military danger but it has the capacity to create disorders by causing competitions between the clans nasrides.

In Aragon, knows to him also a long reign, that of Alphonse V 1416 to 1456. But this sovereign does not seem very interested by the business Spanish and seems to prefer Naples, the Sardinia and the Sicily.

This context explains one period deprived of great battles, fortunately for Nasrides which do not have any more allies on which to count.

The interior situation of the emirate of becomes precarious starting from November 9th 1417, date of the death of Abû Al-Hajjâj Yusuf lII when him his/her oldest son Mohammed VIII Al-Mutamassik eight years old succeeds to him. The chronicles Castilians affirm that the reality of the capacity belongs to the vizier of the late king and regent `Alî Al-Amîn. An Arab family, Banû Sarraj, that the legend was going to make famous under the name of Abencérages, started to play a central role in the political life of the kingdom nasride.

Abencérages which exerted the military command with Guadix and It raise against the authority of the vizier `Alî Al-Amîn. To impose their candidate for the throne of Grenade, a grandson of Mohammed V Al-Ghanî they resorts to an operation. Abencérages convene the alfaquíes in the large mosque of Grenade. They encourage them to declare illegitimate the government of Mohammed Al-Mutamassik because of her minority. Alfaquíes intimidated or convinced by the allegations of the rebels, give the opinion that one asked them.

First reign (1419 - 1427)

The Grenadians then opened the doors with Mohammed Al “Aysar. At once the new sovereign goes up to the Alhambra. Al-Amîn goes and the young relieved emir is put in prison with his family. The inhabitants of Grenade call new sovereign Al' Aysar (the left-handed person). This last is maintained on the throne for eight years, one period relatively long without coup d'etat.

In 1424, Castille conquers Cuevas Bajas and Cuevas de San Marcos in the Province of Málaga.

In foreign policy, Mohammed Al 'Aysar starts by negotiating with Castille the renewal of the truce which was about to expire. Being given the difficult situation of the policy interns Castilian, the king Jean II reaches the desires of Grenade. June 11th, 1426 with Ocaña, one signs new a two years truce. Under the terms of this treaty, the traders could freely forward by the two kingdoms which they are Christian, Moslem or Jewish.

Mohammed Al 'Aysar, puts the government at the hands of Yûsuf ibn have-Sarraj. The preference which it gives to this family and contempt with which she treats sometimes the remainder of the Grenadian nobility, contributes to the increase in the number of its adversaries. Vis-a-vis Mohammed Al 'Aysar, there are the legitimists who think that the kingdom must be allocated to the young relieved emir. This group of opponents forms a powerful party directed by Ridwan Bannigas. Finally the dissatisfaction due to the shortages with food products and the heaviness of the taxes intended to pay the tribe in Castille is growing in the population. In January 1427, all these dissatisfied leaves Mohammed Al-Mutamassik prison, it has then more than 21 years. As soon as it knew that people of the médina revolted, Mohammed Al 'Aysar east flees and found refuge expensive the sultan hafside Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz Al-Mutawakkil in Tunisia.

First interregnum

In 1427, Mohammed Al-Mutamassik who had been relieved in 1419, takes again the capacity during two years supported by a rival clan of Abencérages, Bannigas (Banu Egas or Venegas).

See also: Mohammed VIII Al-Mutamassik#Second reigns, the second reign of Mohammed Al-Mutamassik

End 1429, Yûsuf Ibn have-Sarraj manages to make return to the capacity Mohammed Al 'Aysar while Mohammed Al-Mutamassik is imprisoned in the fortress of Salobreña.

Second reign (1429 - 1431)

At the end of March 1431, Mohammed Al 'Aysar orders to carry out its rival Mohammed Al-Mutamassik, prisoner in the fortress of Salobreña, to avoid any coup attempt of state coming from Bannigas.

Ridwan Bannigas, chief of the party legitimist which had supported Mohammed Al-Mutamassik, seeks a new applicant to reverse Mohammed Al 'Aysar. Rather than to support one of the grandchildren of Yûsuf II like Yûsuf Ben Ahmen Ben Yûsuf or His `D Al-Musta `in Ben Nasr Ben Yûsuf which is the most legitimate candidates with the succession, Ridwan Bannigas prefers to them a close relation, his beautiful brother grandson of the usurper Mohammed VI Al 'Ahmar, it be-with saying Yûsuf Ben Al-Mawl (Abenalmao). The two small wire of Yûsuf II, both still young people, join with this choice.

March 11th, 1431, Castille conquers Jimena of Frontera in the Campo of Gibraltar.

The conspirators met in the palate that Yûsuf Ben Al-Mawl has in the center of the médina They decide that Ridwân Bannigas must go to seek the assistance of Jean II. Ridwân Bannigas leaves Grenade in the month of May 1431. It is presented to Cordoue at the court Castilian. Bannigas advises with the Castilians to directly attack Grenade ensuring them that the population will be favorable for them and thus they will be able in fact to put on the throne the man of their choice Yûsuf Ben Al-Mawl. There Jean II finds an occasion to sow division at Nasrides and thus to weaken them. To fight against an enemy divided it is precisely until Jean II waited, It accepts the proposals of Ridwân Bannigas which returns to Grenade to announce the happy result of its mission.

June 3rd, 1431, Jean II, a bubble Pape Martin V publishes which proclaims that the conquest of Grenade is a crusade. The cross army passes the border and advances towards Grenade without any resistance. Mohammed Al 'Aysar sends small squadrons to badger the Castilians. The following day, Ridwân Bannigas, Yûsuf Ben Al-Mawl leave Grenade to go to the meeting of Jean II. This last instead of recognizing Yûsuf like its new vassal sovereign of Grenade, is satisfied to offer its hospitality to him.

Mohammed Al 'Aysar entrusts the command of the army to one of her best generals, Mohammed el Cojo ( the lame ). July 1st, 1431, the Bataille of Higueruela engages with Higuerua de Martos between the troops of Jean II of Castille carried out by Alvaro de Luna and the troops faithful to Mohammed Al 'Aysar carried out by El Cojo. The battle shows a victory of Castille.

In spite of this victory, the crusade Castilian stops there without renter in Grenade. Jean II returns in Cordoue accompanied by Yûsuf Ben Al-Mawl and Ridwân Bannigas. Yûsuf Ben Al-Mawl is treated like the holder of the emirate of Grenade and installs its court with Cordoue. The goal of Jean II is to create an unstable situation with Grenade. When that is, a certain number of adversaries of Mohammed Al 'Aysar but also of the party of Abencérages join in Yûsuf.

Second interregnum

See also: Yusuf IV of Grenade#Le reigns, the reign of Yûsuf IV

In February 1432, the Al lieutenant 'Aysar, the prince nasríde Mohammed Al 'Ahnaf ( El Cojo ) was made open the doors of Grenade by the faithful ones of Muhammad IX. Yusuf IV still resisted with some partisans in Alhambra and part of Albaicín. It called upon Jean II of Castille, but the troops Castilians were rejected by Mohammed Al 'Ahnaf there even where had been held the Bataille of Higueruela. Finally, Yusuf IV was devoted to Muhammad Al 'Aysar.

Third reign (1432 - 1445)

After the ousting of Yûsuf IV, Mohammed Al 'Aysar returns once again to the capacity for the longest period of her reign.

In 1434, Jean II of Castille, conquers Castellar of Frontera, and besieges Álora.

Until 1439 the battles with the Castilians continue. Mohammed Al 'Aysar obtains a truce.

January 14th, 1442, the Mozarabes of Comares (Province of Málaga) raise the weapons in the name of San Hilario, against the Moslems of Comares. The revolt is suppressed.

Third interregnum

See also: Mohammed X Al-Ahnaf, Mohammed X Al 'Ahnaf, Yusuf V of Grenade, Yûsuf V

Last reign (1447 - 1453)

Mohamed Al 'Aysar seizes the power for the fourth time. He becomes thus the symbol of the instability of the Castilian capacity. To ensure its succession, it marrie his/her daughter with a son of Mohammed VIII Al-Mutamassik, Mohammed (El Chiquito) that he indicates for successor and which will reign under the name of Mohammed XI. This choice is disputed by Abencérages which prefer to him Its `D Al-Musta `in.

For this period Castille knows, it also, a certain interior instability, also Mohamed Al 'Aysar can he gain some victories over the border zone ( Frontera ).

In 1445, attacks Villamartín of the Province of Cadiz.

In 1451, reconquest of Jimena of Frontera.

In 1452, Villamartín attacks again

In 1454, Henri IV of Castille succeeds his/her father Jean II. He continues the same policy of harassing on the border and pokes the internal competitions which weaken the emirate of Grenade.

One could finish this period in 1451. Indeed as from 1451, Mohammed Al 'Aysar is Co-reigning with Mohammed (El Chiquito) this situation hard until the death of Mohammed Al 'Aysar in 1453. Mohammed (El Chiquito) succeeds to him.

Mohammed VIII Al-Mutamassik takes again the capacity during two years. Mohammed Al 'Aysar again relieves it in 1429. Yûsuf IV dislocates Mohammed Al 'Aysar in 1431 but dies in 1432. Mohammed X Al 'Ahnaf dislocates for the third time Mohammed Al 'Aysar, but it is swept at once by Yûsuf V, but Mohammed X Al 'Ahnaf takes again to him the capacity for one year in 1446.

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