Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi محمدرضاشاهپهلوی , Alaa-Hazrat Homayoun, Shahanshah Aryamehr, Shahanshah-e Iran (which one can translate by His Majesty Imperial, His Size, King of the Kings, Lumière of the Aryens, the Emperor of Iran ) born the October 26th 1919 with Teheran and died in exile the July 27th 1980 in the Cairo, was the last Chah of Iran of the September 16th 1941 with the January 16th (effective departure of the Iranian territory) or April 1st (suppression of the monarchical system and proclamation of the Islamic Republic) 1979.

Biography

Youth

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi is the oldest son of Reza Khan (1878-1944), founder of the Pahlavi dynasty under the title of Reza Shah, and of the future queen Tadj ol-Moluk (1896-1982). He is the younger brother of the Shams princess (1917-1996) and the half-brother of the princess Fatemeh Pahlavi, known as Hamdan Saltaneh (1912-1992), born from a preceding union.

In 1925, profiting from an at the same time military and Western strict education, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi gains the Prytanée Nezam, two days after a law conferred the title of crown prince to him.

Once its certificate of study obtained, at the end of the summer 1931, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi leaves Iran in order to continue its instruction in Suisse, in the Canton of Vaud). In 1936, at the end of the five last years to the college of the Rosey, to Poker, the young prince returns to the country and completes his training at the School of the Officers of Danechkadéyé-Afsari. He receives the diploma of the hands of his father on September 28th, 1938, with the rank of second lieutenant.

A few months earlier, on May 26th, 1938, the imperial palace announces that a delegation led by the Prime Minister Mahmoud Djam will go to Cairo to agree on the marriage between the crown prince and Fawzia Bint Fuad, girl of the king Fouad Ier and sister of the young person Farouk Ier, established two years before. Been engaged never saw themselves and it is essential especially with Reza Shah that the very young dynasty Pahlavi gains in legitimacy with the eyes of the world. The choice of a princess Qadjar being out of the question, the old sovereign on the other hand accommodates very favorably a union with the Egyptian crown. Less than one year later, on March 16th, 1939, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi marries the princess Fawzia with the Royal palace of Abidin, with the Cairo, according to the rite Chiite. One second ceremony, of rite Sunnite, proceeds in Teheran, the Imperial palace of the Golestan, on April 25th, 1939.

So from a political point of view this marriage brings prestige and the recognition with the dynasty Pahlavi, it is not long in revealing its faults. Moved away from the smart living rooms of Alexandria and from the Cairo, Fawzia, become queen of Iran ( malika Fawzia Pahlavi ) to the advent of Mohammad Reza, does not adapt to the court of Teheran. Except the birth of a girl, the princess Chahnaz, on October 27th, 1940, the union is lived like a relational failure. Returned in her country, the Fawzia queen sees herself granting the divorce by the Egyptian government since 1945. They are only three years later that the Iranian authorities confirm this decision. The official divorce is thus granted on November 17th, 1948, in the condition which the Chahnaz princess remains under the responsibility of her father.

Accession with the capacity

Following the abdication of his/her father, isolated of the capacity by the British at the beginning of the Second world war, Mohammad Reza becomes Chah of Iran the September 16th 1941.

In 1953, nationalist the Prime Minister democratically elected, Mohammad Mossadegh, forces it to exile following their opposition on the management of the oil layers exploited by the British and the Americans, that Mossadegh wants to nationalize.

Return on the throne and reforms

Helped by the CIA and British MI6 during the Operation Ajax, the shah goes up quickly on the throne. The former Mossadegh Prime Minister is condemned to death. He was however pardoned by the Shah and its sorrow will be commuted to an interior exile which will last until its death.

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