Mohamed ibn Abd Al-Wahhab

Mohammed ibn Abd Al-Wahhab (1703 - 1792) was a Sheik and a Arab Imam. He is regarded as one of the revificateurs of authentic Islam according to the members of the Salafisme.

Birth and beginnings

He was born in the village from Uyaynah (located in Arabia) in the year 1115 from the hégire (1703 of the Gregorian Calendrier) in a family from people from religion, science and honor. His/her father was a large scientist and his/her grandfather, Sulayman ibn Ali, were the scientist of Najd of his time. Mohammed by heart learned Coran before the ten years age and studied jurisprudence Hanbalite (one of the four universities of the Sunnisme). It was the object of the admiration of his father, considering his impressive memory. He often consulted the books of interpretation of the Coran (Tafsir) and of Hadith. He provided efforts to learn science harms and day.

He undertook to travel first of all to acquire science in the area of Najd (area of the town of Riyadh today in the East of the Saudi Arabia) even, then towards Mecque where he studied with the scientists; he continued his tour towards Médine, where he studied in particular with the sheik Abdullah ibn Ibrahim Al-Shammari and his son Ibrahim Al-Shammari, author of the book Al' Adhb ul-Fa' idh fi-Sharh Alfiyyat it-Fara' idh , which taught him the rules from the heritage. This last made him meet the sheik of Hadith, Mohammed Hayat Have-Sindi, with whom he learned sciences from Hadith and his rapporteurs ( Ilm ur-Rijal ), and who decreed the authorization to him to teach the principal books such as Sahih Al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim…

Equipped with a great intelligence, it devoted its life to be studied, make research and to write. It retained with a great facility all that it read and never wearied itself to write. It in particular recopied (let us recall that all this occurred before the advent from printing works to Arabia) of many works of Ibn Taymiyya and of its pupil, Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah, and one finds today these invaluable manuscripts preserved in certain Saoudi museums.

Return at the origins of Islam

With died of his father, it started to openly preach Islam with the manner of the piles predecessors have-salaf salih . He denounced the associationism in all his forms: religious innovations, hateful sectarists and things. At that time, people of the Arabic peninsula had returned to all kinds of practices idolâtres and a fortiori complied only little with ritual of Islam. The sheik incited them to turn over to the bases of Islam, the prophet and the companions.

Alliance with Saoud

It turned over towards its ground of origin where it first of all encountered problems with the notable ones, then concludes an alliance with the prince Mohammed Ibn Saoud, prince de Diriyya, village close to Riyadh. Together, thanks to the sermon of the sheik and with the authority and the power of the prince, they carried out the unit of the Arab tribes under the banner of the unicity of God. They declared the war with certain Arab tribes still making obstacle. This one ended in 1773 with the conquest of Riyadh. The sheik devoted himself then to teaching and the writing.

End-of-life and continuations

Before dying in 1206 of the hégire (1792 of the Gregorian calendar ), the sheik Mohammad ibn Abd Al-Wahhab will see unicity God to reign on the Arabic peninsula and his surroundings, his preachers to multiply and the flags of the partisans of the polytheism and the innovators to fall.

His/her children (Abdullah, Ali, Hussein and Ibrahim) succeeded to him in the sermon and its descendants (family Al Sheik) continue still today to play a part in the religious life of their country, the Saudi Arabia, occupying the ranks of Minister for the Religious affairs, Mufti and judge in the Islamic courts.

Famous works

Here its three principal works:

Thalâthat ul-Usûl , the Three Basic principles, exhibitor and explaining the bases of Islam.
Kitab C Tawhid , the Book of Unicity, writing with Huraymalah and taught everywhere in Arabia. This book point by point details all the requirements to dedicate a single worship with Allah.
Kashf ush-Shubuhât made-Tawhîd , the Elucidation of the Ambiguities Concerning Tawhîd.

Others, less famous, are however notable:

the summary of Sahîh Al-Bukhârî (collection of prophetic words);
Kitâb ir ul-Kabâ' (the Book of the serious Sins);
Arba' has Qawâ' id made-Tawhîd (four rules concerning Unicity);
the summary of Zâd ul-Ma' âd (of Ibn ul-Qayyim);
Istinbât ul-Qur' ân (deductions made starting from Coran);
Ahâdîth ul-Fitan (traditions concerning the disorders);
Mukhtasar custom-Sîrat in-Nabawîyya (the summary of the biography of the Prophet);
Fadhâ' it ul-Islâm (merits of Islam);
Usûl ul- `Imân (bases of the faith);
Tafsîr ul-Qur' ân (the comment of Coran);
the Al-Insâf summary;
the Al-Sharh ul-Kabîr summary;
Massâ' it ul-Jâhilîyya (questions concerning the practices of the ante-Islamic period);
Mufîd ul-Mustafîd ;
Adâb ul-Mashyi ilâ-S-Salted (the way of which it is advisable to go to the prayer).

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