Model of propaganda

" die Propaganda für die Demokratie wie der Knüppel für einen totalitären Staat." -->

Structuring

The model is presented first of all by its structures, Chomsky showing the bonds between the industry of the media and the entertainment with the great economic and financial groups of the country which, by a effect of concentration capital intensive took the control of the majority of the press agencies written and televised; the era of distinguished the statements of principles proclaiming the independence of the investigators , is beautiful is quite completed taking into account this weight reducing to five actors, moral persons corresponding to oligopolies, which " font" media with the the United States of America: General Electric (owner of NBC), the group Time Warner/AOL, Rupert Murdoch, owner of Fox News, the empire Turner at the origin of the world chain CNN of information uninterrupted, and the conglomerate related to Columbia Broadcasting System.

The collusion of interests related to the activities of industry, publicity, and generally of the profitability requested from the companies comes to be added again to the recognized deontologic mission of the journalists: to bring information without bias; the situation obtained is disconcerting.

Without falling into through Théorie from the plot, the thesis of Chomsky developed in the book is that the journalist, evolving/moving in one of the companies controlled by these groups, can pass the whole of his career in the illusion of a freedom of expression, whereas the information sources, channels of distribution, and the instructions brought by editor associations through the leading policies connect its environment from the point of view of a moral consensus concerned not to scratch the political arena, the lobbies, and l'" opinion publique" synthesized in a stereotyped way as a preserving voter whom it is advisable not to shock.

Instanciations

For Noam Chomsky and within the framework of a company of structured and organized information, the data processing given to the citizens thus concerns this model of propaganda.

After having revealed the characteristics and components structuring this Model , Noam Chomsky analyzes the occurrences precisely at the very least partisanes in the large newspapers of written press, for example the New York Times or the Wall Street Journal , putting to the test various discussed periods of the Histoire of the United States in a exercise of precision consisting in counting with the word close or with the number of articles close the data processing; the results are given in the form of comparative statistics tables.

This analysis lets appear the image given to the public of the events of the Guerre of Vietnam, as well as a considerable weight for the denunciations of the exactions made in the countries of the Communist bloc during the cold war: the media thus take part actively in the Lutte against Communism near their assistantship. In same time, the massacres concerning the civil populations related to the support via the black operations of the CIA in Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua) are treated by the ellipse or in formulations chosen in the articles, much lower of number.

Same logic applies the model of propaganda to the War in the Gulf of 1991, the invasion of Panama by the American forces in 1989 (operation Just Cause depositing the general Noriega), like, in a revised edition of the book in 2003, the invasion of Iraq within the framework of the Guerre against terrorism.

Influence publicity on the contents

Insofar as the great media general practitioners depend in a major way of the incomes on the Publicité to survive, the model suggests that the interest of the advertizing executives prevails on the account of information. Chomsky and Hermann consider that, like very undertaken, a newspaper represents a product for which it is subjected to the Concurrence through his audience, catch in the broad sense: the readers who buy it; among them the part of the population which represents the elite décisionnaire and educated; but also forming a unit with this audience the companies which ensure the promotion of their products in the columns of the newspaper. So that a filter appears between these columns, media itself playing the part of " finally; rabatteur" to bring the readers to the profile chosen in contact with publicities, which constitute with final the most important contents for the press company.

Consequently, the topics approached in the remainder of the contents, if they prove with counterpoint compared to the interests of the sponsors and divergent compared to their vision of the world, are to be drawn aside. According to this theory, the inversion is such as the public buying the newspaper proves to be the finished product that the press company sells, by its pulling and the segmentation of its assistantship, with the companies which buy ad spaces: information plays only one surface part in this unit.

This theory of Chomsky finds its concretization in the cynical and pragmatic remarks made by Patrick Le Lay in July 2004.

There are many ways of speaking about television. But from the point of view “business”, let us be realistic: at the base, the trade of TF1, it is to help Coca-Cola, for example, to sell its produit.

However so that an advertisement is perceived, it is necessary that the brain of the televiewer is available. Our emissions have the role to make it available: i.e. to divert it, to slacken it to prepare it between two messages. What we sell in Coca-Cola, it is time of human brain available| Patrick Le Lay, remarks drawn from the book French Leaders and the change , editions of the Eighth day.