Missiology
The missiology , or science of the Mission S, is a field of the Théologie practices (Christianisme) which studies the mandate, the message and the work of the Christian missionaries. The missiology is a multi-field and transcultural reflection on all the aspects of the propagation of the Christian Foi, which embraces the Théologie, the Anthropologie, the Histoire, the Géographie, the theories and methods of communication, the compared Religion, the Christian Apologétique, the considerations methodological and the relations between various the Dénomination S Christian women.
It is in the last quarter of the 19th century that the missiology was born as a theological discipline. During centuries, the missionaries were not satisfied to practice Baptême S and to establish churches everywhere in the world; they are also studied Religion S and regions, are written Dictionnaire S and accounts of voyage. It was not a merchant, but the missionary Matteo Ricci who was the first European to traverse Large the China; nor a geographer, but the Scottish missioinnaire David Livingstone which was the first Westerner to cross the Africa. And on their prints followed several proclamateurs of the faith who settled in various places and achieved also a work missionary as geographers, ethnologists, a linguists, researchers in religious Sciences or other functions still.
Because the science of the missions considers at the same time the positive and negative consequences as well as the strategies to spread Christianity, the missiology also touches with the impact Environnement Al of the evangelization and the charitable action, including the practical aspects of the International policy and the Economic development.
One of the most difficult challenges for the missiologist, in general, is to make the distinction between the practices which are essential with Christianity, in front of thus being practiced by the Christians in all the cultures, and other strictly cultural expressions of Christianity, resulting from the medium of origin, which can be changed and adapted to various cultures. Whereas Western Christianity dominated at the beginnings of the science of the missions, gives it is different today, and has its effects on this science.
Today, the Christian movements more the most prosperous missionaries and are, by far, of the tendencies evangelic and Pentecôtiste. The first tendency knew a long tradition of engagement missionary (methodists, Baptists), and contributed to the refinement of the evangelic missiology, with a more rigorous and pointed approach. With time, the evangelic missiology very largely grew rich by the prospects on the misison resulting from other cultures, since a great part of evangelic today live in the world South, rather than in America or Europe. With regard to the pentecotists, the situation is about comparable; but one tends to note, in addition, that their missiology pentecotist (which is evangelic) is, like the pentecotism, undoubtedly one of Christian theologies more “soluble” in the targeted populations, and thus the form of the faith most favourable with the Inculturation. This reveals that the cultural relativism and also more developed, and that this situation contributes largely to the development of strongly endogenous forms of Christianity (evangelism, Pentecôtisme).
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