Minority

The Minorité is

# the state of a person who did not reach the lawful age yet and cannot be regarded as fully responsible for its acts, not being major. See civil Majority;
# a state of inferiority (direction less running);
# in a given group, the regrouping of the more small number vis-a-vis the regrouping of the greatest number, the minority being opposed to the Majority: L has minority of the party, of the Parliament.
# “incapacity to make use of its understanding without the direction of others” (Kant)

National minorities

One a long time spoke about national minorities, in particular in connection with the countries and of the populations included in the Empire Austro-Hungarian of before 1918, even if it were obvious that this situation also concerned people of other States. This terminology was not retained in International law but the concept of minority was adopted and is largely used. The European Community however confirmed the recommendation 1201 of the Council of Europe concerning the national minorities.

Minorities in international law

In international law, a minority is a grouping of people dependant between them by affinities religious, linguistic, ethnic, political, included in a more important population of a State, of Langue, Ethnie, Religion, Politique different. The right of the minorities is recognized and described in various charters or international declarations (International Pacte of the Civil laws and Politiques, Déclaration of the rights of the child, etc). One thus speaks, in the international Textes of UNO and UNESCO, of the rights of the ethnic minorities, linguistic, religious.
  • Examples of ethnic minorities: Kurdish of Turkey and Iraq, Indian of the USA, the Visible minorities (Canada).
  • linguistic Examples of Minorities: French-speaking of Louisiana, Breton-speaking of France.
  • Examples of Religious minorities: catholic of Northern Ireland (on the way to become a majority), Jews of Morocco, Moslem of France.
  • Examples of National minority (according to the definition given in the recommendation 1201 of the Council of Europe concerning the national minorities): the Breton ones in France (if the Breton-speaking ones are a linguistic minority, the Breton ones are according to certain a national minority).

Rights of the minorities

The Droits of the minorities are recognized, at least officially, by various States according to the recommendations of the international authorities, mainly of UNO and UNESCO. In Europe it is the case, neither of France and Greece nor of Turkey. But the favorable doctrines in international law indicate two classes of rights, one is material law and the other is applied to the moral right.

Minority and philosophy

According to is Kant, the minority “the incapacity to make use of its understanding (to be able to think) without the direction of others” (What the Lights?, Kant).

See too

List of articles on the minorities

References

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