Mining company (France)
See also: Company (homonymy)
In 1946, the French National Assembly decides the nationalization of mineral fuels and the creation of Charbonnages de France . Previously, the exploitation of the mines of coal was entrusted to mining companies of private law, profiting from concessions (see chart below).
In the Northern the first development company of coal was that of Anzin created on November 19th 1757 by the Viscount Jacques Désandrouin. In the Pas-de-Calais, 1852 will be marked by the constitution of the companies of Courrières, Dourges, Lens and Lillers.
At the western end of the basin of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais was located the Concession of Fléchinelle.
The exploitation of the mine S requiring an important labor which was not present where one had discovered the layers, the companies thus had to make there come a great number of people. They had to deal with their housing and that their families and to mitigate the insufficiency of public equipment. Thus, gradually the mining companies completely replaced the common while building to their place, roads, schools, stages and even churches.
This omnipresence on the ground was also accompanied by a considerable influence on the private life, via the guards of the mines charged to take care of the order and healthiness in the mining quoted , sometimes surrounded by walls and closed the evening. This situation described in the novel Germinal of Emile Zola will continue until the Second world war.
See too
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