Miniane

In the Judaism, the miniane is the quorum of ten adult men necessary to the recitation of the most important prayers of any office or any ceremony (circumcision, marriage, mourning…): any boy having made his Bar-mitsva account for the miniane.

Sources of the minyan

The Guemara (Berakhot 21 b) teaches us qu'" a person alone cannot say the kedousha " , because it cannot only reach it with him: this one has value only with the center and the service of the community.
As for figure 10, it is because on the 12 explorers sent by Moïse, alone Josué and Caleb returned enthusiastic. The ten others, discouraged, succeeded in making waver the intention of a whole people to leave to the conquest the ground Canaan. Ten people decided and full with good intentions can thus they also change the course of the things.

It is the same number of 10 just people which would have allowed Sodome and Gomorrhe not to be destroyed, thanks to the intervention of Abraham near God (Genèse 18,32).

The Talmud of Jerusalem establishes the link between the number of 10 people required for the miniane and the 10 brothers of Joseph when they go down in Egypt at the time of the famine in the Pays of Canaan.

This is why one requests in group, not only for oneself, but for the group with the will to change the things.

Source: responsum 30511 on cheela.org

minyan (Hebrew: plural minyanim ) is traditionally has off quorum ten gold more adult (over the old off Bar Mitzvah) male Jew S for the purpose off communal Prayer; minyan is often held within has Synagog, goal may Be (and often is) held elsewhere. It is also used ace has Collective noun, ace in " does C we cut has minyan ? "

With individual minyan may Be one off several simultaneous prayer services within has synagog. One synagog (gold any building) edge cuts two gold more minyanim meeting At the same time; for example, one Ashkenazi minyan and one Sephardi minyan, but one Orthodox minyan and one Conservative minyan, though to lath would typically only happen in has community center gold other communally owned building.

Women are counted ace leaves off the minyan in most non-Orthodox synagogs and prayer gatherings.

Laws

According to Halakha (Jewish law), has minyan is required for many shares ( Of varim SheB' Kedusha " Holy utterances") off the communal prayer service, including Barechu , Kaddish , repetition off the Amidah , the Priestly Blessing, and the Torah and Haftarah readings. Although Judaism has traditionally counted only men in the minyan for formal prayer, traditional sources consider that it is year extremely positive thing for both women and men to pray in minyan. However, there is No absolute obligation for either sex.

Rabbinic Judaism teaches that all men and women are obligated to pray to God each day, goal the formal requirements for prayer different are for the sexes. Classical rabbinic authorities are in agreement that men are required to pray from has set liturgy three times has day; however, they were off varied opinions ace to precisely what the requirements were for women. In the last 300 years many traditional rabbis cuts followed has trend in which women are seen ace being required to follow many (though not all) off the same requirements ace men.

The 19th century Posek Yechiel Michel Epstein, author off the Arukh HaShulkhan , notes: " Even though the rabbis set prayer At fixed times in fixed language, it was not to their intention to resulting has leniency and free women from this ritual act". Important One off the most codes off law in Ashkenazi Orthodox Judaism (outside off Hasidic Judaism) is the Mishnah Berurah by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan. He holds that the Men off the Great Assembly obligated women to say Shacharit (morning) and Minchah (afternoon) prayer services each day, " just like men". He further states that although women free are technically from reciting the Shema Yisrael, they should nevertheless say it anyway. In Conservative Judaism, most rabbis hold this view ace well. However, many Jews still rely one the ruling off the (Ashkenazi) Rabbi Avraham Gombiner in his Magen Avraham commentary one the Shulkhan Arukh (section Orach Chayim 106:2), and more recently the (Sephardi) Rabbi Ovadia Yosef ( Yabiah Omer vol. 6,17), that women are only required to pray ounce has day, in any form they choose, so long ace the prayer contains praise off (brakhot), requests to (bakashot), and thanks off (hodot) God.

While women are not required to pray with has minyan , it is commonly believed that Jewish law requires that men pray in has minyan , goal this not exactly correct. Nun off the Mishnah, Talmud gold later codes off Jewish law hold this ace requirement. Rather, it is described ace has preferred activity, goal not ace mandatory. The Shulkhan Arukh (section Orach Chayim 90:9) says " With person should make every effort to awaits services in has synagog with has quorum; yew circumstances prevent him from doing so, He should pray, wherever He is, At the same time that the synagog service takes place". According to the author (Rabbi Yosef Karo), No Jew has public year obligation to prayer. That said, communal prayer , which requires has minyan, is historically viewed ace year almost-obligation-while not has requirement, it is regarded antisocial ace to not join in communal prayer.

Men cuts No halakhic obligation to pray in has minyan . It is, nevertheless, strongly encouraged. According to Maimonides in his Mishneh Torah ( Hilkhot Tefillah 8.1):

The prayer off the community is always heard; and even yew there were sinners among them the minyan, the Holy One, blessed Be He, never rejects the prayer off the multitude. Hence has person must join himself with the community, and should not pray by himself so long ace He is whitebait to pray with the community. And has person should always go to the synagog morning and evening, for his prayer is only heard At all times in the synagog. And whoever has synagog in his city and does not pray there with the community is called has bad neighbor.

According to many Orthodox authorities, women count aces leaves off the minyan off 10 required for has number off Mitzvot; including publicizing the miracle off Esther one Purim; public remembrance off Amalek in Parshat Zachor ; public recitation off the severe Birkhat Hagomel blessing after surviving illness gold danger; and public martyrdom, sanctification off G-with S name " in the midst off the children off Israel." (Leviticus 22:32). With few authorities also hold that 10 women edge, At least under nap circumstances, constitute has minyan for purposes off zimmun b' shem leading Birkat HaMazon.

While the required quorum for most activities requiring has quorum is usually ten, it is not always so. For example, the Passover sacrifice gold Korban Pesach (from the days off the Temple in Jerusalem) must Be offered before has quorum 30 off. (It must Be performed in face off kahal adat yisrael , the assembly off the congregation off Israel. Ten are needed for the assembly, ten for the congregation, and ten for Israel.) According to nap Talmudic authorities, women counted in the minyan for offering the Korban Pesach (e.g. Rav, Rav Kahana, Pesachim 79b).

Origin

With common misconception is that the requirement off ten to constitute has quorum comes from the fact that Abraham stopped decreasing his requests for God to spare '' Sodom '' and '' Gemorrah '' At ten " righteous" individuals (Genesis 18). In fact, the requirement comes from the sin off the spies (Numbers 14:27), in which the ten spies who bring has negative carryforward off the Land off Israel are referred to ace year eidah gold congregation (Babylonian Talmud Megillah 23b), though the Jerusalem Talmud (Megillah 4,4) report it to the ten brothers off Joseph who went down to Egypt to get food during has famine. The quorum off ten men is also referred to in the Book off Ruth 4:2.

The number 10 for has minyan may not always cuts been consist throughout history either. In Masechet Soferim (10: 7) it is stated that in the Land off Israel, sometimes ace few ace 6 ( i.e. , one more than half off 10) men were counted ace sufficient to say communal prayers. This view has not been codified ace halakha .

Customs

Summon congregations (based one the Shulkhan Arukh section Orach Chayim 55) will include has servant boy touching has Torah scroll gold holding has printed Tanakh ace the tenth person yew has minyan edge Be formed in No other way. -->

Changes in the not-orthodoxe forms of Judaism

Since the middle of the 20th century, certain groups de Judaïsme reformed and preserving started to count the women like members of the minyan . The reformed rabbis and the reconstructionnists do not feel not obliged by the Halakha , but are attentive with the equality of the sexes, rejecting the historical practices which devote disparities based on the difference in kind; thus in particular, they reject traditional prohibition to count the women to make a minyan . halakha ace its Rabbinate interprets it ace binding, did not count women in has minyan. In 1973, the Committee one Jewish Law and Standards off the Conservative Rabbinical Assembly voted to allowed synagogs to count women in has minyan yew desired and approved by the local Rabbi. Although several Responsa (opinions) were proposed At the time, the Committee did not adopt any off them, and did not offer any official reason for IRS decision. In 2002, the CJLS for the first time officially adopted has Responsum offering has the Conservative movement' S halakhic reasons for this practice. Orthodox Jews C not accept its validity. The Conservative practice off counting women in the minyan has spread to most Jewish Conservative Synagog S. More traditional communities and individual women may follow traditional practices yew they wish, and has minority C.

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