The mildew is the generic name of a series of diseases Cryptogamique S of the plants, in particular attacking the Vigne and the Potato, caused by microscopic parasites commonly called Champignon S, although today the majority of these parasites are not regarded any more as forming more part of the reign of mushrooms (of the recent molecular studies classify them among the Chromista, phylum of the Oomycota). It appears by brown spots of Moisissure followed by a general fading.

Its name is a Francization of English mildew (1874) who means " moisissure" in the language running and results literally in “dew of flour” (meal = Repas, dew = Rosée).

List parasites

One gives the name of mildew to the following parasites:

• Plasmopara viticola , originating in America, attacks the Vigne. Its first known appearance in France goes back to 1878.
• Plasmopara helianthi , (mildew of the Sunflower)
• Phytophthora infestans attacks the Potato, and was responsible between 1845 and 1849 for the Grande Famine in Ireland.

One also knows:

• Of other Phytophthora :
• Phytophthora cactorum (or fragariae ) which attacks the strawberry plant,
• Phytophthora capsici (mildew of the Poivron)

• Peronospora , several species attacking various plants:

• Peronospora brassicae (cabbage)
• Peronospora destructor (Onion, garlic)
• Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Crucifère S such as the cabbage)
• Peronospora pisi (Field pea or kitchen garden)
• Peronospora spinaciae (spinach)
• Peronospora tabacina (Tobacco)

• Pseudoperonospora

• Pseudoperonospora cubensis (mildew of the Cucurbitaceous S)
• Pseudoperonospora humuli (mildew of the Hop)

• Bremia lactucae , attacks with the Laitue and the Artichaut.

Prevention and treatment

The solution most effective remainder prevention and in case a treatment or an early cleaning. The plant, once reached, risk of having to be eliminated.

Prevention

One can prevent the mildew:

• by destroying the remains of culture and by eliminating the seedlings reached;
• by observing rotations in order to prevent that the same culture follows one another too quickly on a piece;
• by avoiding an excessive moisture (watering, ventilation of the greenhouses);
• by choosing resistant varieties.

Treatment

• By treatments Fungicidal S:
• by cupric solutions (containing oxide of Copper) like the Pulp of Bordeaux or the Burgundian Pulp;
• by employing fungicides of synthesis.

• It is possible to treat the mildew in a natural way using a solution containing bicarbonate of soda and soap with crockery.

The following mixture is to be vaporized on the contaminated plants:

1. 10 grams (approximately 1 c.s.) of Bicarbonate of soda
2. 4 liters of water
3. 40 ml (2 ½ c.s.) of horticultural oil or soap doux
   

Notes and references of the article

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