Mikhaïl Botvinnik
Mikhaïl Moïseevitch Botvinnik (August 17th 1911 with Kokkuala close to Saint-Pétersbourg, Russia - May 5th 1995 with Moscow) is a Soviet world champion of failures .
The era of the Soviet failures
Mikhaïl Botvinnik was noticed very young person and was supported by the father of the Soviet school of failures , Alexandre Ilyin-Genevsky, which organized in 1933 a match between Botvinnik and Salo Flohr.The world champion in title, Alexandre Alekhine having died accidentally in 1946, the world title was to be given concerned. FIDE organized a tournament with the best players of the moment: 2 Westerners (3 were envisaged, but Reuben Fine made fixed price, pleading professional reasons) and 3 Soviets, Cold war kind. There was thus Samuel Reshevsky, Polish emigrant in the United States, and the Dutchman max Euwe for the block of the West. Mikhaïl Botvinnik, Paul Keres, Soviet Estonia N recently become again, and Vassily Smyslov for the Eastern bloc. Botvinnik carried it.
This victory, which inaugurated a Soviet domination of almost 50 years on the world of the failures, had certainly an impact in the policy of the the USSR with respect to the failures. Ten years later, 1 was counted; 000 000 players fired in the USSR.
Botvinnik lost first once its title in 1957 against Vassily Smyslov. It recovered it in 1958 at the time of the match revenge. It lost it second once in 1960 vis-a-vis Mikhaïl Tal, old then 24 years. And it again regained it at the time of the traditional match revenge. In 1963, it definitively lost it against Tigran Petrossian. At this time, the FIDE cancelled the right of revenge of the ex-champion in title, and Botvinnik, old 52 years any more, did not manage to regain its crown.
Beyond its world titles, it reigned without division on the Soviet failures during several decades, not without giving rise to inimitable solids, that of David Bronstein for example, which always doubted its real capacities. Inter alia objections, it reproached him for especially gaining its parts after the adjournment, and for losing them especially front.
In 1970, it directed a school of failures to Moscow, from which will be resulting Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik. It is invested also much in the data-processing research devoted to the failures.
A part
(Tigran Petrossian, Mikhaïl Botvinnik, 1952)
1.d4 Cf6 2.c4 e6 3.Cf3 d5 4.Cc3 c6 5.cxd5 cxd5 6.Ff4 Cc6 7.e 3 Ch 5 8.Fg5 Db6 9.a3 h6 10.Fh4 g5 11.Fg3 Cxg3 12.hxg3 Fg7 13.Fd3 Dd8 14.Ch2 h5 15.Tc1 Fd7 16.Cb5 Rf8 17.Cf1 g4 18.Cd2 e5 19.Db3 exd4 20.Cxd4 Cxd4 21.exd4 De7+ 22.Rd1 Fxd4 23.Tc7 Fb6 24.Te1 Dd6 25.Txb7 Th6 26.Fb5 Fe6 27.f4 gxf3 28.Cxf3 Tc8 29.Ce5 Dc5 30.Txf7+? (Db4!) Rg8 (FxT? 31 Cd7+) 31.Tf3 Dc1+ 32.Re2 Tc2+ 33.Rf1 Dd2 0-1 (34. Fe2, Dd4).
External bond
| Random links: | Remennecourt | Foncine-le-Bas | Toran Caudell | Orange France | Castell' Alfero |