Miguel Juárez Celman

Miguel Juárez Celman (born with Córdoba, the September 29th 1844 - died with Arrecifes, the April 14th 1909) is a lawyer and Argentinian politician . Its career was marked by the influence of his/her brother-in-law Julio Argentino Roca, who activated his legislative career. He was a large craftsman of the separation of the Church and the State and an aristocratic liberal of style, developing education and immigration in order to correct what he called the disturbed comprehension of the people Argentinian.

He was elected president of the country which he directed of the October 12th 1886 to the August 6th 1890, and gave a vigorous impulse to public works, but was unable to maintain economic stability and had to face a powerful alliance of opposition, directed by Leandro NR. Alem, which will give rise to the party of the Unión Cívica . After the baptized events Revolution of the Park and in spite of the victory by the weapons of the government against this one, it had to be dislocated and withdrew political life definitively.

Youth

Juárez Celman was born and grows in Córdoba, where it made its studies at the Jésuite S. Then it made studies of Right and became lawyer in 1869, then it obtained its doctorate. Thanks to its family ties it belonged to an aristocratic family - it entered the political activity gradually. In Córdoba, he was elected appointed shortly after obtaining his doctorate, and since the provincial Parliament, he directed the movement for the secularization of the education institutions. Two years later, he was elected senator and in 1877 president of the Senate.

Very quickly, it climbs the levels: minister then governor of the province for the national party, as of the May 17th 1880. He was freemason.

Governorship

With Roca, it was among the founders of the Party National Separatist (PAN). The SIDE had a design of the type comtien of progress industrial and civil, which agreed perfectly with the already famous anticlericalism of Juárez Celman. Among its achievements, it is necessary to quote the establishment of a civil register, great work of town planning, the creation of schools and hospital as well as agricultural colonies in the campaigns. Its lack of confidence in the popular initiatives and management privatist of the policy expressed in its constant direct interventions, its interference in the attibutions of appropriations and the presence of the army in the event of meetings of obstacles.

Julio Argentino Roca was brought to support the candidature of Juárez Celman to its presidential own succession, being given their proximity. Become national senator in 1883, Juárez Celman presented for the SIDE to the presidential elections of 1886, where he triumphed, with charges of fraud electoral, practices more frequent on behalf of SIDE. It was accompanied as vice-president by Carlos Pellegrini, ex-minister of the War of Roca, which had given an opinion for him in the pages of the newspaper Southern América founded by Roque Sáenz Peña.

Presidency

He assumed the presidency the October 12th. In its inaugural speech, he announced his liberal creed, which included the promotion of education, of the European immigration - with which he claimed to make move back l'" infériorité" native blood - and private company.

Accustomed to the autocratic direction of the public affairs, it entered quickly in conflict with Roca, which wished to maintain its influence on the government and the SIDE. He did not hesitate to resort to the federal intervention to act and to make handling within the provinces, in which the line roquist was prevalent, under the terms of what he gained the enmity of this last as well as abusive public statements. The enormous concentration of the political power in its hands and those of some civils servant directly appointed by him, made that one called his presidency the Unicato (single Unicat-capacity).

Juárez Celman undertook important public works, especially in Buenos Aires, with the intention to make it resemble a European capital, which constituted its reference. It ordered the construction of buildings of the government, the Colón theater, many schools and medical infrastructures and the reform of the wearing of Buenos Aires. It made privatiser the railroads, judging improper that such a service remains between the hands of the state. That was worth sour criticisms to him, as what it subjected the public resources to private interests, more especially as the profits of the private companies transferees were seen guaranteed by government stocks.

It supported also white immigration, by delivering grounds to the colonists, much of them having been withdrawn of force to the Amerindians at the time of sad the Conquête of the Desert of its Roca predecessor. It started a legal reform, including the organization of the courts, the establishment of a land register of the property, the vote of the law of the civil wedding, the penal code and that of trade etc The impulse thus given towards a mode legalist ran up against the accusations of corruption who were launched against his government, were based on the attribution of work to close relations, the financial real estate speculation and of the members of the government and the massive deficit of the public budget.

The crisis and the fall

Very quickly, the result of the alienation and the cut-price selling of the public means of production, and the abyssal deficit of the budget was a marked financial instability. At the end of the decade 1880, with the British economic crisis, the situation became insupportable. The creditors (Baring Brothers inter alia) required payments which implied to draw from the gold reserves and brought a strong inflation. The currency was inconvertible since 1885. The emission of currency tripled of 1888 to 1889. Towards 1890 started many strikes requiring of the wage rises to maintain the purchasing power, and the opposition was strengthened. Roca had publicly treated it " cheap there ruin".

The Unión Cívica of Juventud (civic Union of Youth), a civil movement which had channeled a good part of the opposition to Juárez Celman, converts into 1890 in a political party, Unión Cívica (civic Union). The April 13rd 1890 the denunciation by del Valle with the Senate of the clandestine emission of currency caused an enormous agitation. The catholic activists, the impoverished popular classes and the political opponents started to express with Buenos Aires and Rosario. Leandro NR. Alem, sponsored by Bartolomé Miter, convened the members of the u.a. to a great meeting, where the movement began which it July 26th of this year ended in Revolución LED Parks ( revolution of the Park ). Del Valle, Miter, Jose Manuel Estrada, Pedro Goyena and Alem, spoke there, incentive with the rebellion against the autocracy.

The revolution of 1890 was bloody, and during the days of combat, the troops with the orders of Roca, Pellegrini and Levalle repressed hard the insurrectionists, who capitulated a few days later. Juárez Celman, which had given up Buenos Aires fearing for its life, was unable to negotiate with its own party the conditions of the continuation of its mandate after the military victory, and the August 6th 1890 it presented its resignation to the Congress on Roca request. Its mandate remained in the hands of Pellegrini which had to face a very degraded economic situation. The foreign debts accounted for 60% of GDP and the majority of the banks had closed their doors.

Juárez Celman gave up the political life and was withdrawn in its estancia with Arrecifes, where he died without being himself reconciled with Roca, the April 14th 1909.

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