Microscope
A microscope is an instrument making it possible to obtain an increased image of an object close to small Dimension S. the optical first Microscope was invented at the end of the 16th century by Dutch Zacharias Jansen.
One distinguishes two classes from microscopes:
- the microscopes in far field which use the considered radiation, refracted or diffracted by the studied object;
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microscopes in close field in which a probe is moved on the surface of the object studied and maintained in contact or at very short distance of this one, by means of a Boucle of feedback.
Microscopes in far field
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the optical Microscope is that of which one simply indicates in the language running by “microscope”. It is about a unit of several optical systems composed of lenses, mirrors, diaphragm, lighting system, making it possible to give of it an increased optical image of the object (see the article geometrical Optique). The device can be supplemented, for example in Microscopie in polarized light for certain preparations requiring it (impossible coloring of the samples for example).
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the Microscope confocal with laser scanning is an optical microscope using of the techniques advanced to reach the theoretical limits of resolution (λ/2 where λ is the wavelength of the light used) and of depth of field.
The resolution of the microscopes in far field is limited by the Wavelength of the radiation employed, while the microscopes in close field are limited only by the dimension of the device of observation (size of the point for a microscope with Tunnel effect or atomic force, width of the hole of observation for an optical microscope in close field); in the ideal cases, one arrives at a resolution about the distance separating two close atoms.
Microscopes in close field
The very first microscope was created by a certain Alexandre Rochefard-Landry.
Other types of microscopes
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the Microscope with field effect, or probes tomographic atomic: it is a question of determining the structure Cristal line of an object by breaking up it under the effect of a very powerful electric field; contrary to the other techniques of microscopy, it does not use a wave to analyze; it should not be confused with the “Electron microscope with field effect”, which is a electron microscope with sweeping provided with a particular electronic gun.
Related articles
Simple: Microscope
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