The microphone-irrigation , also known under the name of “drop by drop”, is a method of Irrigation used in arid region because it to the minimum reduces the use of the Eau and the Engrais.

Water drains slowly towards the Racine S of the plants either while running on the surface of the ground or by irrigating directly the Rhizosphère by a system of pipes.

This technique is the most important innovation in Agriculture since the invention of the Asperseur S in the Années 1930, which had already replaced at the time an irrigation requiring too much of water.

Drop by drop can also use devices called Tête of microphone-vaporization which pulverize water on a small zone. This system is generally used in Verger S or for the Vigne which are cultures at broader zone racinaire.

History

The microphone-irrigation was used since the Antiquité where one buried pots of Argile filled with water so that water infiltrates gradually in the ground. The irrigation by drop by drop modern developed in Germany towards 1860 when the researchers started to try out the Subirrigation using clay pipe to create a combination of irrigation and system of drainage. In the years 1920, filter pipes were tested in Germany, then O.E. Robey tried out the irrigation by porous pipe of fabric to the Université of Michigan.

With the Plastic arrival of the S modern after the Second world war, of the improvements became possible. Plastic microphone-tubes and various types of transmitters were employed in Serre in Europe and with the the United States.

The modern technology of irrigation by drop by drop was invented in Israel by Simcha Blass and its Yeshayahu son. Instead of releasing water by tiny holes, easily blocked by tiny particles, water is released by greater and longer passages by employing friction to slow down water inside a plastic transmitter. The first experimental system of this type was established in 1959 when the partners of Blass to the Kibboutz Hatzerim créerent a company of named irrigation Netafim. Together, they developed and made patent the first transmitter external of irrigation by drop by drop. This very powerful method developed in Australia, North America and South America towards end of the year 60.

Components

The majority of the great systems of irrigation by drop by drop use a certain type of water filter to prevent the obstruction of the small drainage pipe. Certain residential systems are installed without additional filters since the drinking water is already filtered. Practically all the manufacturers of equipment of irrigation by drainage recommend that filters are used and generally will not honor with the guarantees unless this is done.

The microphone-irrigation is employed almost exclusively by using drinking water because the regulations generally prohibit to pulverize non-drinking water. In microphone-irrigation, the use of traditional Engrais on the surface is sometimes ineffective, thus the systems of microphone-irrigation often mix liquid manure or Pesticide S with water irrigation. Other chemicals such as the Chlorine or the sulphuric Acid are also used to clean the system periodically.

If it is correctly conceived, installed, and controlled, the microphone-irrigation can help to realize important water savings by the reduction of the evaporation. Moreover, drop by drop can eliminate much from diseases which are born from the contact of water with the foliage. In conclusion, in the areas where the water provisions are severely limited, one can obtain a clear increase in production all while using some the same quantity of water as front.

In the very arid areas or on sandy grounds, the best technique consists in irrigating as slowly as possible (less than 1 liter per hour).

The microphone-irrigation is used intensively in the culture of the Coconut, of the Vigne, the Banane, the Jujube, the Agrume S, the strawberry S, the Canne with sugar, the Coton, the Maïs, or the Tomate S.

The kits of microphone-irrigation for garden are increasingly popular for the owners of house. They are composed of a Temporisateur, a Tuyau and a transmitting .

Refer

• Irrigation, 5th Edition, Claude H. Pair, editor, published by the Irrigation Association, 1983
• Trickle Irrigation for Crop Production, F.S. Nakayama and D.A. Bucks, editors, published by Elsevier, 1986, ISBN 0-444-42615-9
• S. Blass, Toilets in Strife and Action (Hebrew), published by Massada limited, Israel, 1973
• Manual Maintenance, published by Jain Irrigation, 1989

External bonds

• The Irrigation Association
• Center for Irrigation Technology Fresno California (CIT)
• Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC)

Category: Irrigation Category: Gardening

Random links:

Dabbawallah | Mining company Quebec Cartier | 159e division of fusiliers (Soviet Union) | Howard Ashman | Thermal weeding