Messicole plant
The messicoles (or messicoles plants) are annual plants with germination preferentially winter living in the harvests.
Origin
The Poppy S and the cornflowers disappeared from our become cereal fields of the fair uniformities at the time of the harvest. The messicoles plants accompany our cultures for a long time; like them, much are of means-Eastern origin. Long-lived or annual, they are adapted to survive the ploughings and to benefit from the farming care. The farmer sees bad grasses there to be destroyed: he sorts his seeds and treats mechanically or by means of weedkillers, practices effective at the point to make fear that these species disappear, reducing the botanical richness (Biodiversité). Academies get busy to maintain populations messicoles; fallow " wild flora " are to be promoted…
Germination of the messicoles ones
The messicoles ones within the meaning of Jauzein, are the annual ones of winter, germinating in autumn (seeds without dormancy or easily raised) or in winter (dormancy raised for example by a wet cold). They are ready to support a certain winter cold, but moreover, for much, this cold is necessary to vernalization (aptitude to be flowered): Adonis can germinate in spring but remain in a broken into leaf state then die without flowering. Idem for maximum Androsace , Ceratocephala falcata . Bromus arvensis is a particular case because sown in spring, it becomes bi-annual (as well in the Sarthe as in Isere). Other species have simply rates of germination and/or of flowering higher when one sows them in autumn ( Agrostemma githago , Bifora radians , Caucalis platycarpos , Centaurea cyanus , Conringia orientalis , Ranunculus arvensis ,…) but can reproduce sown in spring. Others finally, germinate preferentially or exclusively in spring (at least in Isere): Polycnemum sp , Stachys annua . They are thus not messicoles sensus stricto, although they appear, with others, with the National plan of Action for Messicoles. It is probable or possible that the season of germination and/or the medium which these species occupy ( maximum Androsace meets in the basophilic lawns skinned in Isere, just as Bupleurum rotundifolium ) vary from one area to another, justifying their inclusion in a list of messicole valid, overall, for France.
The dormancy of seeds
The dormancy of seeds can be complex, in particular for the species with seeds " dures" (many Ombellifère S, leguminous). In laboratory, to increase their rate of germination one has recourse to various processes besides: scarification, passage to ebullient water, passage in the gibberellic Acid . In natural sowing, the germination of these species can intervene during 2 or 3 years after sowing, as that was noted for Orlaya daucoides or Vicia pannonica ssp striata .
See too
Refer
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