The term marine commercial indicates all that is the object, or which is in report/ratio, with the Maritime transport of goods or people. The world commerce is carried out with nearly 95% by the sea route, it exists approximately 50 000 tradind ships in service in the world.
the captain is the chief of maritime forwarding. He is the representative of the ship-owner. He is responsible for the Navire, of his Cargaison and/or of its Passager S. He deals with the administrative tasks, of the respect of the international payments, the control and the update of the official documents. He is in relation to the Armateur, the Affréteur, the Shipping agent, the harbor authorities. On the large ships, he delegates his responsibilities for Quart to the lieutenants. He must be present in footbridge for the arrivals and departures of port like in the difficult passages. He must leave to the other officers clear standing orders. Finally it is in charge of the good application of the international Code of management of safety on board. It is with him that returns the ultimate decision to give up the ship in the event of danger.
The captain must be patentee in adequacy with the tonnage of the ship which it orders, but a lieutenant can be titular master's certificate. The name of the captain is commander .
Several patents exist in relation to STCW (international convention), each one giving of the prerogatives limited or not in relation to the Tonnage of the ship concerned.
The French patents were (are always for certain) called:
Contrary to a widespread image , the captain is not the only Master on board, he exerts an authority within the framework of the law, but must yield under French Pavillon, with the disciplinary and penal code of the merchant navy. He must on the other hand be the last to leave his ship in the event of abandonment.
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the international regulation is enacted by an emanation of UNO; The International Maritime Organization (OMI). This regulation is then integrated in the legislation of the countries for purposes of application of the house.
For France, it is mainly about the decree of the 11/23/87 (see external bond).
Principal international conventions are:
the Solas 74: International convention for the safeguard of the human life at sea.
The other more specific regulations are enacted in the form of code and of handbooks.
to see also Safety at sea
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