Merchant navy

The term marine commercial indicates all that is the object, or which is in report/ratio, with the Maritime transport of goods or people. The world commerce is carried out with nearly 95% by the sea route, it exists approximately 50  000 tradind ships in service in the world.

Organization

With ground

On board

Officers

The increasingly specialized and sophisticated modern ships becoming, the officers must in supplement of their initial training acquire the knowledge specialized in certain fields which are not listed here. example: dynamic Positioning.

  • the captain is the chief of maritime forwarding. He is the representative of the ship-owner. He is responsible for the Navire, of his Cargaison and/or of its Passager S. He deals with the administrative tasks, of the respect of the international payments, the control and the update of the official documents. He is in relation to the Armateur, the Affréteur, the Shipping agent, the harbor authorities. On the large ships, he delegates his responsibilities for Quart to the lieutenants. He must be present in footbridge for the arrivals and departures of port like in the difficult passages. He must leave to the other officers clear standing orders. Finally it is in charge of the good application of the international Code of management of safety on board. It is with him that returns the ultimate decision to give up the ship in the event of danger.

The captain must be patentee in adequacy with the tonnage of the ship which it orders, but a lieutenant can be titular master's certificate. The name of the captain is commander .

Several patents exist in relation to STCW (international convention), each one giving of the prerogatives limited or not in relation to the Tonnage of the ship concerned.

  • Captain all ships.
  • Captain 3000 (insinuation UMS)
  • Captain 500.
  • Captain 200.

The French patents were (are always for certain) called:

  • Captain with the length-course.
  • Captain of first class of sea transport.
  • Capitaine marinades commercial.
  • Captain of second class of sea transport.
  • coastal Captain.
  • Owner with the demarcation.
  • Capacitaire.

Contrary to a widespread image , the captain is not the only Master on board, he exerts an authority within the framework of the law, but must yield under French Pavillon, with the disciplinary and penal code of the merchant navy. He must on the other hand be the last to leave his ship in the event of abandonment.

  • Pont

  • Machine
    • the Head mechanic is responsible for the machines, their good performance and their maintenance.
    • the Second mechanic is the substitute of the head mechanic in the event of unavailability of this last, he is generally in principal engine load.
    • the engineer officers (third, fourth, etc) manage maintenance and repairs.

Executive staff

  • Pont
    • the boatswain
    • the sailors under the monitoring of the boatswain carry out maintenance, as well as the tasks day laborers which raise of their function, these tasks are variable according to the type of ship (Pétrolier - Vraquier - Transbordeur - etc)

  • Machine

    • the Master machine
    • the Master electrician
    • the garage hand (also called " Graisseur")
    • the cleaner

Type of transport

Regulations

The trading vessels are subjected to the international regulation and that of their house.

the international regulation is enacted by an emanation of UNO; The International Maritime Organization (OMI). This regulation is then integrated in the legislation of the countries for purposes of application of the house.

For France, it is mainly about the decree of the 11/23/87 (see external bond).

Principal international conventions are:

  • the Solas 74: International convention for the safeguard of the human life at sea.

  • the Marpol 73/78: International convention for the prevention of pollution by the ships.
  • the L 66: International convention of 1966 on the lines of load
  • the Colreg 72: Convention on the international Payment to prevent the boardings at sea.
  • STCW 95: International convention on the standards of trainings of the day before and, delivery sailors of the patents.
  • SAR 79: International convention on maritime research and the rescue.

The other more specific regulations are enacted in the form of code and of handbooks.

Dangers

  • Pollution
  • Danger of collisions.
  • Fire
  • Combustion or explosion of a ship near factory classified SEVESO which can start an explosion in chain.

to see also Safety at sea

Advantages & Disadvantages

  • Very great capacity,
  • Cost reduced,
  • Slow,
  • Reliability of the deadlines inhérant with maritime forwarding,

Random links:Daniel Kahneman | Annette Wieviorka | Presence of KFC in the world | Fourth district of Meurthe-et-Moselle | Project SPICED | Drottningholm