The mental health is it aptitude of psychism to be functioned in a harmonious, pleasant, effective way and to face flexibility with the difficult situations while being able to find its balance. (J. Sutter).
The the World Health Organization (WHO) includes it within the framework of health: Health is full pleasure of the social, mental and physical wellbeing and not only absence of diseases or deficiencies.
France recognizes triple dimension to him:
- positive mental health (personal blooming)
- reactional psychological distress (induced by the testing situations and existential difficulties),
- psychiatric disorders of variable duration and more or less severe and/or handicapping These disorders returns to diagnostic classifications being based on criteria, and to targeted therapeutic actions.
Toxicological origins of some turbid
A big number of disorders and after-effects, possibly irreversible, can have been induced in utero , in childhood or at the adulthood, following the contact with Neurotoxique S inhaled, introduced, or absorptive by the skin or of the mucous membranes. It can be a question for example of the Plomb or the mercury, or of Pesticide S, alcohol chemical or other bodies, which sometimes can act as Synergie S. He is probable that the neurotoxicity of certain molecules was not identified yet.En Europe, the payment Reach invites to a better evaluation of the impacts of the chemicals.
Faute of old research, and a ecoepidemiologic approach adapted, the ecotoxicological of some disturbs could be underestimated at populations collectively exposed to poisons of natural or artificial origin (Arsenic of the ground, Plomb of the cartridges of hunting, lead and radionuclides of Tchernobyl, etc).
Infectious origins
Million people in the world is victims of central nervous system disorders induced by viruses or bacteria. It is according to a report/ratio (2007) of WHO the sixth neurological cause of consultation in the primary education services of care, concerning particularly approximately a quarter of the Member States of WHO, primarily in Africa and in the South-East Asia. The neuroinfections remain a problem difficult to treat even with the arrival of the Antibiotique S and effective Vaccin S, in much of areas of the world, particularly in countries known as “ in the process of development ”. These infections generally were contracted in childhood even in utero (in an American study northern having carried on more than 12.000 children, the children whose mother was seized up during the first part of their pregnancy had a triplet risk to develop a schizophrenia later). In this case, a study having carried on more than 2000 women not having detected effects of vaccination of the mother on the fetus, the protective inoculation of the expectant mother was recommended Pa the American CDC.
Origin related to the stress
The context sociopsychologic has an importance in the appearance of some turbid, in particular, Dépression S which can lead to the Suicide. Stress and the suffering with work or stress induced by the difficulty of finding work and with the fear of losing it, the stress related to ageing in loneliness, certain sexual delinquencies, various sexual problem, it not social recognition or the interdict of certain forms of sexuality, or various stresses related on the AIDS, the Sterility of the couple, the hard Drug S, or stress induced by large a Precariousness and a company where the family burst, the stress of minors in great difficulty, the loss of landmarks of the virtual worlds offered by the video games, etc are sometimes new problems for the Thérapeute S. In certain countries or context, the mental disorder is still readily hidden or the patients locked up, which can add to their suffering and their disorder.Dans certain countries, problems of Immigration forced and voluntary displacements of Taken refuge S or immigrants seeking of better living conditions, or the problems involved in the War S, civil wars and with the Terrorism, or certain social pressures and nuns can be sources of important disorders.
The case of the terrorrism
Elements of futurology
In the world: March 2007: A report/ratio WHO announces a doubling of the cases of insanity every 20 years for the next decades. Neurological disorders and their after-effects and consequences affect approximately a billion people in the world, concerning all the groups of age and all the geographical areas. And for WHO, these problems will be worsening during a few decades. Indeed, the lengthening of the life and a reduction in the number of children per woman brought a momentary, but important demographic transition. During a few decades, the proportion of elderly and very old much higher than it will be forever been in the History of humanity. The neurological disorders (whose Alzheimer and other insanities, Parkinson's disease) will be more numerous.
Many poor countries must moreover also face an high rate or in increase in infectious illness of which some have neurlogic consequences (of which HIV and malaria) - and with increases in noncontagious diseases (obesity, infarction, etc) whose certain after-effects can affect the central nervous system.
Even if statistically the poor, the children, the teenagers and the elderly present an increased risk, no social group or of population is immunized against the neurological disorders. At the time of certain diseases, the physical pain adds its effects to the psychic suffering of the patients and their entourage. This weighs on the families and the entourage, and is badly measured, like the socio-economic impacts of these diseases.
In Europe: a study estimated in 2004 the economic costs induced over one year by the principal neurological diseases (insanity, epilepsy, migraine and other headaches, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease) at € 139 billion euros (+ US$ 180 billion).
Cette study only included partially the nonmedical direct courts (ex; dealt with by the community and/or abstract), the indirect costs, of which some are unquantifiable. The costs of the insanity increase by 25% if the “abstract” care is taken into account, and from at least 50% in the case of the multiple sclerosis when the “intangible” costs are evaluated and taken into account (according to the same study). The annual cost related to the traumatic damage with the brain was estimated at approximately 3 billion euros, but is very underestimated, because only based on the hospital expenses, without taking account of the expenses of rehabilitation, readjustment, lost days wrought of production, etc No similar evaluation is available for the countries in the process of development notes WHO.
In France: the national policy is tallied by a National plan Psychiatrie and mental health (2005-2008), based on the prevention, the reception and the accompaniment, which aims at reinforcing the respect of the patients and their close relations, and to improve the professional practice of the mental health, while developing research, the follow-up and the evaluation.
Le ministry for health announced in 2003 " A Net increase in the recourse to the care concerning the disorders mentaux" since ten years, but recalls that the increase in the consultations can also be related to change of attitudes and representations with respect to the mental disorders which are stigmatized at the population having bénficié higher learning.
The increase is nevertheless so brutal that it raises question: the care of city (general practitioners and specialists) for hoop nets nevrotic and psychotics, anxiety, depression, disorders of childhood and sleep disorders did without nearly 44 million recourse (for the period September 1998 - August 1999) to 49 million recourse (for the period September 2001 - August 2002). The psychiatrists of city passed from 13,4 million consultation in 1992 to nearly 16 million in 2001 (+ 19,4%).
Le psychiatric follow-up touches more world: 1,1 million adults seen in 1999 (either + 56% in 10 years, of 1989 to 1999).
Les ambulatory treatments is increasingly numerous and dominates in this country (more than 8 patients out of ten are neat via therapeutic consultations and/or workshops.).
Les devices specialized in mental health (infanto-youthful psychiatry) sees arriving more and more of children and teenagers: almost twice more; 432.000 children followed in 2000 compared with 254.700 in 1991 whereas the birthrate remained about stable.
See too
External bonds
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