Mental disease

A mental disease is an affection which disturbs the thought, the feelings or the behavior of a person in a sufficiently strong way to make its social integration problematic or to cause him suffering. It belongs to the field of study and practical of the Psychiatrie, the Psychopathologie and certain branches of the Psychologie.

The symptoms are varied and diffuse:

Led asocial and disturbance of the relations.
Turbid of mood.
Deterioration of the personality.
Turbid cognitive and perceptuels, hallucinations.
Deterioration of the perception of reality.
…

The limits of the mental disease sometimes subjective and are conditioned by the tolerance which a company compared to deviances in the form of conduits or of being-there has. Thus and for example, in the western world, the Homosexualité belonged to the mental diseases a long time. Other limits subjective, one also notes that many men considered as geniuses present all the symptoms of the mental disease and would make, perhaps, nowadays, a stay in a psychiatric hospital. This inaccuracy is made profitable by the totalitarian modes to justify the internment of the political opponents. One speaks about Personnalité limits or Borderline to nominate persons succeeding in having an appearance of “normality”, in spite of certain features concerned with the Psychose.

Epidemiology

The mental disease is the most important cause of disability all over the world. It would be responsible moreover of the third of the losses of years of working life. The economic costs of the mental disease can reach 3 to 4% of the rough National product (cost of the assumption of responsibility and loss of productivity). In addition annual mortality by Suicide reaches nearly 60.000 personnes/an in Europe, that is to say more than mortality by road accident.

Figures in France:

3% of the deaths is due to the mental diseases;
15% of the population suffers from mental disorders;
the suicide is the 2nd cause of mortality at the teenagers and 1st at the 25-35 years.

The assumption of responsibility, that it is specialized or not, remains nonoptimal, even if it is better in the countries with high incomes

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