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The solipsism (of the Latin solus , only and ipse , oneself) indicates, on the one hand, the attitude of the thinking subject for which its own conscience is single reality, the other consciences, the outside world being only representations and, on the other hand, a philosophical theory which by the abstraction of the external world or perceptions which come from it, place the individual alone in front of the only knowledge of its own existence.

Beside a restrictive definition of the solipsism it is necessary to make place with the ontological direction . Only death highlights and reveals the irremediable solipsism of all existing. The life is, in all its states, of the man to star, the pink to the universe, a phenomenon solipsist because death seals in the abolissement solitary one and the absence of direction any attempt to be.

Solipsism at Descartes

The use that made of it Rene Descartes in his Méditations Metaphysics (1641) is most famous by far: by the solipsism it bases the justification of all knowledge of the sensitive world on the certainty of its own existence as being thinking ( ego sum, ego existo , I am, I exist) and on the divine guarantee, justified by the perfect kindness to be it supreme, which cannot want berner.

It thus precedes the arrival of subjectivity in modern philosophy, the Subjectivité consisting in rather carrying out its reflections starting from the observer itself than the preexistent ones like God, the world, the being or the language like in the preceding systems. This idea of subjectivity will spread with the notions of relativity, Principe anthropic and the multiple or observant worlds contingent of Everett.

Definition

Attitude generally conceived like the borderline case of the idealism, according to which the thinking subject would constitute only reality. If no philosophy is based on the final solipsism, on the other hand a temporary solipsism can accompany a systematic attitude of doubt, as it is the case of Descartes at the beginning of its Méditations metaphysics , when the philosopher, challenging the common obviousnesses, poses the certainty of his existence.

Buddhist solipsism

The solipsism represents in fact a minority of the Buddhist schools of thought; it is about a theory which does not rise necessarily from the way of the medium, and which can even to appear opposite with idea of Samsara (the worlds in which the beings evolve/move), with the Buddhist Cosmologie, even with the ethical which gets clear as well this representation of the universe as of the causality expressed by the law of the Karma.

Any Buddhist regards nevertheless the person non-existent, or as illusion. Self, me are to it only perceptions resulting from the ignorance, which conditions the conscience itself. The majority of Buddhist philosophies thus admit the existence of external phenomena, of a tangible reality, characterized in that it is without oneself ( each thing is without oneself , anatta: without Atmân).

Certain schools, of the Bouddhisme Mahâyâna formulated interpretations leaning for the solipsism. See for example Yogacara, known initially for its Idealism.

See too

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