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Biography

Born in the Val-d'Oise, Rene Dubos makes his studies with Hénonville in Oise before joining the Lycée Chaptal in Paris and integrating the agronomic National institute which it leaves Agricultural engineer in 1921.

In 1923, he becomes writer with the International institute of Agriculture in Rome. Then very quickly it leaves Europe to start a career of Enquiring Biologiste and with the the United States.

In 1924 he becomes research assistant with the Université Rutgers in the New Jersey. In 1927, on the initiative of Alexis Carrel it is recruited as collaborator of O.T. Avery with the service of respiratory diseases of the University Rockefeller of New York where he discovers the specific action of a bacterial enzyme which breaks up the capsule of the pneumococci. This discovery the put on the track of discovered Gramicidine, Antibiotic first marketed.

The capital scientific projection that it carries out in 1932 will be redécouverte later only seventy years: the microbes develop leavens " constitutifs" and of the leavens " adaptatifs" who allow the reaction called " adaptation créatrice". That brings Rene Dubos to another discovery, that of the Tyrothricine.

In 1941 it is received with the Academy of Science of the United States, it continues its work on experimental tuberculosis, his wife succumbing to this disease in 1942. In 1945 it publishes The Bacterial Cell in its Relation to Problems off Virulence, Immunity and Chemotherapy , fundamental work of biology.

Its activity of author and popularizer starts then, at the same time as the rewards multiply and than it is named Professor with the Université Rockefeller in 1957. Towards the end of its life, its career of researcher is reorientated towards the ecology and in particular the total ecology. It prepares in 1972, with Barbara Ward, the basic report/ratio of the first Conference of the the United Nations on environment (CNUE or “Sommet of the Earth”) of Stockholm, which has as a title We have only one ground . It is then at the origin of the creation of the Programme of the United Nations for the environment.

According to him, “the environment must be considered in the broad sense, i.e. it must include not only the inert and alive medium external with the species, but also the inert and alive medium which is internal for him, i.e. the ecological niche that each species works and the members who compose it. Thus, with respect to its environment, any species must it be considered at the same time in its parts and its whole”.

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