• a medal is a metal object, often made out of noble metals (gold or money) and possibly of enamels. It is known as " pendante" when it is suspended with a ribbon, related to the chest (in buttonhole) in saltire (around the neck) or in scarf (of a shoulder at the side). One speaks about medal " of table" or of " présentation" when it does not comprise any attachment unit, like the medal of the Fondation Nobel.

  • They reward an act or an exceptional situation, one long period of service, the participation in a campaign and in general all kinds of rendered services in a State, a Sovereign, an institution.

  • the medal is generally a official Décoration obtained with personal capacity (act of rescue or bravery) or collective (together of the participants in a military forwarding). If they are official (handing-over in the name of a State or recognized by a State), they can be carried in buttonhole by the recipient on the jacket, the dress or the uniform in the form of a simple ribbon, in reduction or in its form known as of ordinance (size to its creation) according to the case (the member elect must require of it the harbor due for the foreign medals, near the ministry ad hoc ).

  • a medal can be also an object of office, offered like witness of a reward, a demonstration or one present fact by an organization, a company etc.

  • Of the medals (of gold, money or bronze) is given to the winners of competitions Sport ives and to their following (second, third…). Although recognized like official and are not authorized of port in public in the form of ribbon of buttonhole or chest on clothing civilian or soldier.

  • Of the commemorative, religious medals as of the tourist medals is sold like jewels or memories on the tourist sites, monk or of the specialized stores. They are private medals and by there nonofficial.

  • No one cannot raise an order, or a medal without it not receiving from it the diploma and the authorization of its government for the foreign orders. The illicit port of decoration is punished everywhere by the Law.

  • the study of the merit and orders of knighthood, of decorations, the medals (official or not) military or civil, and their collection, is called Phaléristique .

Military decorations

Interallied Medal 1914-1918 of the victory

American medals

  • Medal off Honor
  • Air Force Cross-country race
  • Distinguished service Cross
  • Navy Cross
  • Defense distinguished service Medal
  • Distinguished service Medal
  • Distinguished Links off Quotation
  • Silver Star
  • Defense superior service Medal
  • Legion Merit Medal
  • Distinguished Flying Cross
  • Navy/Marine Body Medal
  • Bronze Star Medal
  • Purple Heart
  • Defense Meritorious Service Medal
  • Meritorious Service Medal
  • Air Medal
  • Joint Service Commendation Medal
  • Navy/Marine Body Commendation Medal
  • Army Commendation Medal
  • Joint Service Achievement Medal
  • Navy/Marine Body Achievement Medal
  • Combat Action Ribbon
  • Joint Meritorious Links Award
  • Presidential Unit Quotation
  • Navy Unit Commendation
  • Meritorious Unit Commendation
  • Battle E Ribbon
  • Prisoner off War Medal
  • Good Conduct Medal
  • Naval Reserve Meritorius Service Medal
  • Fleet Marine Forces Ribbon
  • Navy Expeditionary Medal

Belgian medals

First World War

  • Order of Léopold {{Ier}} with swords crossed for the First World War
  • Military Cross 1914-1918
  • Cross of Léopold {{Ier}}
  • Cross of Léopold II
  • Military decoration
  • Order of the Military Crown
  • Cross
  • Medal of the Queen Elizabeth
  • Medal of the yser
  • Cross of the yser
  • civic Decoration 1914-1918
  • maritime Decoration of war 1914-1918
  • Medal of the king Albert
  • Medal commemorative of the National committee
  • Medal of the Victoire
  • Medal commemorative of the war 1914-1918
  • Medal of Liege 1914
  • Cross of the deportees
  • Medal of the National Restoration
  • Medal of the volunteer combatant 1914-1918
  • Medal of the political prisoner 1914-1918
  • Cross of Fire
  • colonial commemorative Medal 1914-1918

Second world war

  • Order of Léopold I {{er}} with swords crossed for the Second world war
  • Military Cross 1940-1945
  • Medal of Resistance 1940-1945
  • Cross of the Political prisoner 1940-1945
  • Civil Decoration 1940-1945
  • Cross of the Escaped prisoners 1940-1945
  • Medal of the Recognition Belgian 1940-1945
  • Medal of the Volunteer 1940-1945
  • Medal Commemorative of the War 1940-1945
  • Medal of the Maritime Prisoners of war 1940-1945
  • Medal 1940-1945
  • Medal Commemorative of the Countryside of Abyssinie
  • Medal of the African War 1940-1945
  • Medal of Civil Resistance
  • Medal of the Refractories
  • Medal of the Deportees
  • Medal ofColonial effort of War 1940-1945
  • Medal of the Military Combatant of the War 1940-1945
  • Medals of Resistant to the Nazism in the Annexed Territories
  • Cross of Honor of the Red Cross of Belgium 1940-1945
  • Palms of Bronze of the Red Cross of Belgium 1940-1945
  • Medal of the Recruitment centres of the Belgian Army

Others

  • Order of the crown
  • Military decoration 1e class

British medals

Canadian medals

Medals commemorative of the operations of UNO

  • Service of the United Nations (Korea)
  • emergency Force of UNO in the Middle East (FUNUMO)
  • Force of UNO in Cyprus - UNFICYP (Snowgoose Operation)
  • Force of Observation of UNO for the Disengagement of the Forces (Plate of Golan) - FNUOD (Danaca Operation)
  • emergency Force of UNO in Egypt - FUNU
  • Force of protection of the United Nations in Yugoslavia - FORPRONU (Operation Harmony 1 and 2/Operation Rider)
  • Temporary Force of UNO in Lebanon (FINUL)
  • Operation of the United Nations in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)
  • Operation of the United Nations in Somalia (ONUSOM)
  • Operation of the United Nations in Congo (ONUC)
  • Mission of observation of UNO for India and Pakistan
  • Mission of observation of the United Nations in El Salvador - preparatory ONUSAL
  • Mission of the United Nations in Kampuchea - MIPRENUC
  • Mission of Observation of UNO in Yemen (MONUY)
  • Mission of the United Nations for the organization of a referendum in the Western Sahara - MINURSO (Operation Python)
  • Mission of observation of the United Nations in Georgia
  • Mission ofUnited Nations observers in Iraq and in Kuwait - MONUIK
  • Mission of the United Nations for the assistance in Rwanda - MINUAR
  • Mission of checking of the United Nations in Angola - provisional UNAVEM II
  • Authority of the United Nations in Kampuchea - APRONUC (Operation Marquis 1 and 2)
  • temporary executive Authority of the United Nations (AETNU), maintenance mission of the peace of UNO in Western New Guinea, from October 1st, 1962 to May 1st, 1963;
  • Group of assistance of the United Nations for the transitional period in Namibia (Operation Matador)
  • Group of United Nations observers in Central America (Operation Sultan) - (ONUAC)
  • Group of Military Observers of UNO for India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
  • Group of Observation of UNO in Lebanon (GONUL)
  • Group of Military Observers of UNO for Iran and Iraq (GOMNUII)
  • Organization of the United Nations in charge of the monitoring of truce (ONUST)

Medals commemorative of the operations of NATO

Since July 1st, 2004, NATO has creates the medal Not-Article 5 for proceeding mandates in the balkans (Kosovo, Bosnia)

French medals

See also: Ribbons of military and civil decorations French,

The regulation governs the order in which one quotes and carries following decorations:

  1. Legion of honor
  2. Cross of the Release
  3. Military decoration
  4. National order of the Merit
  5. Military Cross 1914-1918
  6. Military Cross 1939-1945
  7. Military Cross of the Theaters of external operations
  8. Cross of the military Value
  9. Medal of the National police
  10. Medal of Resistance
  11. Medal of the escaped prisoners
  12. Cross of the combatant volunteer 1914-1918
  13. Cross of the combatant volunteer 1939-1945
  14. Cross of the voluntary combatant
  15. Cross of the voluntary combatant of Resistance
  16. Cross of the combatant
  19. Medal of Aeronautics
  20. Medal of Overseas (in the past colonial Medal)
  21. Medal of National defense
  22. Medal of the Voluntary Military services
Other decorations are quoted then, without imposed order:

Italian medals

Japanese medals

  • Honorary Medals
  • Order of the Chrysanthemum
  • Order of the Treasury Crowned
  • Order of Milan d' Or
  • Order of the Rising sun
  • Order of the culture (since 1937)

Medals of Montenegro

  • Cross of Danilo 1st
  • Medal Obilitch
  • Medal for Bravery

Rumanian medals

  • Order of Star of Romania
  • Order of the Crown
  • Cross of the Military Virtue
  • Cross of Michel the Brave man

Russian medals

  • Cross of St Georges
  • Cross of St Stanislas
  • Cross of co. Anne
  • Cross of St Wladimir

Serb medals

  • Medal of the Military Virtue
  • Star of Karageorges
  • Order of the White Eagle
  • Medal of Bravery

Soviet medals

  • Medal 20th birthday of the creation of the army and the Soviet Navy
  • Medal of the Value
  • Medal of the Merit to the Combat
  • courageous Long-service medal
  • Long-service medal distinguished
  • Medal for Defense from Leningrad
  • Medal for the Defense of Odessa
  • Medal for the Defense of Sébastopol
  • Medal for the Defense of Stalingrad
  • Medal of the Partisans
  • Medal of Maternity
  • Medal of Nakhimov
  • Medal of Ouchakov
  • Medal for the Defense of Moscow
  • Medal for the Defense of the Soviet polar regions
  • Medal for the Defense of the Caucasus
  • Medal from Victoire on Germany
  • Medal of the Victoire on Japan
  • Medal for the Release of Belgrade
  • Medal for the Catch of Berlin
  • Medal for the Catch of Budapest
  • Medal for the Catch of Königsberg
  • Medal for the Release of Prague
  • Medal for the Release of Warsaw
  • Medal for the Catch of Vienna
  • Medal for heroic work during the Patriotic Great War
  • Medal of the restoration of the coal mines of Dombass
  • Medal of the 800e birthday of Moscow
  • Medal 30e birthday of the creation of the army and the Soviet Navy
  • Medal of the restoration of metallurgical industry in the South
  • Medal of the service distinguished for the monitoring from the borders from the USSR
  • Medal from the service distinguished for the maintenance of law and order
  • Medal for the development from the virgin lands
  • Medal 40e birthday from creation from the army and the Soviet Navy
  • Medal from the value during a fire
  • Medal from the 250e birthday from Leningrad
  • Medal from the rescue
  • Medal for 10,15 or 20 years from service
  • Medal for Defense from Kiev
  • Medal from the 20th birthday from the Victoire on Germany
  • Medal 50e birthday from creation from amndt and the Soviet Navy
  • Medal for the birthday from the Militia Soviet
  • Medal of Honor of the Centenary of the birth of Lénine
  • Medal of the veterans of the armed forces
  • Medal of the veterans of work
  • Medal of the service distinguished in the army
  • Medal from the 30e birthday from the Victoire on Germany
  • Medal for construction from the line Baikal-Love
  • Medal 60e birthday from creation from the army and the Soviet Navy
  • Medal for the development from the area from the nonblack grounds from the RSFSR
  • Medal for the developments from the gas and oil reservoirs from Western Siberia
  • Medal from the reinforcement from the co-operation interarméee
  • Medal from the 1500e birthday from Kiev
  • Medal 40e birthday of the Victoire on Germany
  • Medal 70e birthday of the creation of the army and the Soviet Navy
  • Medal of the soviéto-Chinese friendship
  • Medal of the international soldiers

Civil medals

Official medals

French medals

See also: Ribbons of military and civil decorations French,

American medals

Sporting medals

  • Gold for the first

  • Money for the second
  • Bronze for the third

Religious medals

Nonofficial medals, one distinguishes:
  • the Cross of chapter;
  • the rewards of the dioceses;
  • medals of pilgrimage;
  • pious medals (baptism);
  • medals of memories.

Tourist medals

The tourist medals, which one calls also " Tourist Tokens " or " Medals Memory " , are memories which one can collect on the tourist sites of France and Europe.

The principal French manufacturer of tourist tokens is the Currency of Paris. It manufactures these articles of collection for approximately 350 tourist sites (more than 500 different medals memory in 2007), for its own account like for that of the company auvergnate Euro Vending Medals, at the origin of the concept in 1996.

The first medal of this collection represented the top of the Puy de Dôme, located close to Clermont-Ferrand.

This collection can be done in several ways:

  • per years (each year of striking is identified by a specific reverse, carrying the year or " millésime" ,

  • by areas (the whole of the areas of France are covered by the collection, some tokens tourist are also available abroad),
  • by topics (animals, religious buildings, museums, great natural sites, etc…),
  • the sites which one visits in family (the collection will be thus longer to realize).

The specialized press starts to be made the echo of this collection which was still, until 2006, completely ignored by the professionals.

See too

Sources

  • Article “Decorations”, typographical Rules , HMSO (2002)

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Site France French-speaking Phalérisque
  • Gate of Phaléristique
  • Gate of the collectors of the medals memory of the Currency of Paris

Simple: Medal

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