Mazandaran

The Mazandaran (Persan: RTL F مازندران) called formerly Tabaristan (Persian: RTL F طبرستان) is a province of the north of the Iran, delimited by the Caspian Sea in north. Mazandaran was part of the province of Hyrcanie at the time of the Persian Empire. Its ancient name was Tabarestan.

Sari is the capital of the province. Gorgan was formerly part of Mazandaran until recently, but this city is now the capital of the Iranian province of the Golestan since 1997.

The province has a surface of: 23833 km ². The departments of the province are: Amol, Babol, Babolsar, Behshahr, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Ramsar, Savad Kooh, Qaem Shahr, Mahmood Abad, Neka, Noor and Noshahr.

The Caspian Sea is located at north, the provinces of Teheran and of Province of Semnan are located at the south. In the west is the province of Gilan and in the east the Golestan is.

In 1996, the province roughly had a population of 2,6 million inhabitants.

History

The climatic conditions of Mazandaran did not allow a good conservation of the historic buildings. Although there are some vestiges of the pre-Islamic periods in the coastal plain of Mazandaran. The province is however famous to be populated since antiquity, and Mazandaran changed hand between various dynasties since the first times of its history. There are several fortresses being vestiges of times Sassanide S and Parthian S and several ancient cemeteries are disseminated in the province.

In the year 651, during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, Saad Ibn Abi Waqqas, the governor of Kufa has the conquered first the coasts of Tabarestan. For the 200 following years, Tabarestan knew an existence independent of the Caliphate Omeyyade which supplanted the Persian Empire starting from the beginning of the 7th century, but which was temporarily included with the caliphate Abbasside until a distinct state is detached as Emirat Alavide, directed by a descendant of Ali and protected by the emirate Saffaride located in its south-east. A state located about at the same place was born one century later under the name of Emirat Ziyaride.

During the Abbasid caliphate of Abou Jafar Al-Mansur, Tabarestan knew a wave of popular revolts. With final, Vandad Hormoz established an independent dynasty in 783. In 1034, Sultan Mahmûd de Ghaznî entered in Tabarestan by the Gorgan followed by the invasion of Sultan Ala AD-DIN Muhammad Khwârazm-Shahs in 1209. After that, the Mongolian controlled the area and were finally driven out capacity by the Timourides.

After the dissolution of the feudal government of Tabarestan, Mazandaran was incorporated in the Persian Empire of Abbas Ier Large the in 1596. The shah of Perse Abbas Ier Large the died there in 1629.

During the reign of Nader Shah, the province was used like first line against the imperial Russia

Geography and culture

Mazandaran is geographically divided into 2 parts: coastal plains and mountainous regions. The chain of the Elbourz surrounds the coastal strips and the Caspian Sea like an immense barrier.

There are frequent snowfalls in season in the area of the Elbourz, which is located parallel to the southern part of the Caspian Sea, dividing the province into many isolated valleys.

Language

The Mazandarani or Tabari is a north-western branch of the family of the Iranian languages and is even regarded by some as a language into clean.

This language is not influenced by the other languages having conquered the area, like the persa, Mongolian, Arabic or the Tartar and is always spoken in various dialects about the area.

Significant natives of Mazandaran

Several famous scientists and poets were high in Mazandaran: For example, Nima Yushij, one of the last large contemporary poets of Iran.

The province being part of old Taparestan or Tabarestan, two famous scientists of the 9th century are originating in Mazandaran, both being usually named Al-Tabari (meaning " quite simply; who comes from Tabarestan").

Mazandaran Today

Economy

Rice, Cereal S, Fruit S, Cotton, The, Tobacco, Cane with sugar, and Soie are among the natural products produced in the coastal plain along the coast of the Caspian Sea. The richness due to the Pétrole stimulated the installation of food cotton, textile, cement, processing industries and fishing (the area is large producing of Caviar).

Favorable climatic conditions, splendid landscapes and the proximity of Teheran made this area one of the principal tourist areas of Iran.

The organization of the cultural heritage of Iran lists more than 630 sites of importance, by making a richness for the tourist development of the area.

Universities

University of medical sciences of Babol
University of medical sciences of Mazandaran
University of Mazandaran
University of sciences and technology of free Behshahr
Islamic university of free Tonekabon
Islamic university of free Babol
Islamic university of Amol
naval University Imam Khomeini
University of north (Shomal)

External bonds

Official site of the governorship of Mazandaran
Page on the mazandaran of the ICCIM (Room commercial and Iranian industry)
Organization of the cultural heritage of Mazandaran

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