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Hongwu (洪武, 1328 - 1398), of its personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋), was the Empereur founder of the Dynastie Ming. It reigned in China of 1368 with 1398.

Peasant in the province of the Anhui, it had to be made monk to escape the famine which resulted from the incapacity to reign of the staggering dynasty of the Yuan. Then it joined with Haozhou the troops of Guo Zixiang, one of the chiefs of the movement of the red Turbans related to the Secte of the white lotus, which will cause finally the loss of the reigning dynasty.

It came from there to fight the Mongolian of the emperor Shundi. It was an excellent general and, scrupulous, it prohibits with its men any plundering, which was worth the support of the populations to him that it conquered.

It had also wisdom to eclipse the majority of the other rebellious chiefs. Then, when it arrived at Khanbalik (Beijing) with its troops, the Mongols had already fled.

The year 1368 marked the end of the Yuan dynasty in China. He proclaimed emperor the same year. He installed his capital with Nankin and was made there build a palate and even started to make there build its imposing Mausolée. It was a man particularly being wary, and it was convinced that a plot putting in scene civils servant and Eunuque S threatened it. Thus, it made some carry out number of them for subversive writings.

It seized all the power in its hands, the Autocratie went up.

Eliminating all that could represent a threat reality or supposed for its dynasty, it removed the vast majority of its fellow travellers and imposed a monitoring system of the population or each one was to supervise its neighbor. He founded charts of residences prohibiting by the vast majority of the people of moved with more than 50 kilometers of his residence.

He retimbered the places which were deforested for thus avoiding the landslides. He started again to make irrigate the agrarian grounds. The goal was to renew and make thrive an economy ruined by the Mongols. Finally, the economy amounted from there thriving. In spite of the extréme severity of its mode, it could not contain the Corruption civils servant and landowners.

Feeling its close end, it eliminated the unit from its generals and the persons in charge of its police forces policy. He died in Nankin at seventy years.

Empress, consorts and descent:

  • Empress My, ° 9 VIII 1332 + 17 IX 1382; mother of

    • first wire: Crown prince Chu Piao ° 10 X 1355 + 17 V 1392; father of the emperor Dog Wen (1377+ 1402)
    • second wire: Prince Chu Shuang ° 3 XII 1356 + 9 IV 1395; prince de Ch' in
    • third wire: Prince Chu Kang ° 18 XII 1358 + 30 III 1398; prince de Chin
    • fourth wire: Prince Chu Ti ° 2 V 1360 (emperor Yung Lo)
    • fifth wire: Prince Chu Known ° 9 VIII 1361 + 2 IX 1425; prince de Wu
    • second girl: Princess Ning kuo ° 1364 + 3 IX 1434
    • fourth girl: princess Year Ch' ing + 1397
  • Consort Sun Kuei fei ° 1343 + 1374; mother of
    • first girl: Princess Li Year ° 1360 + 1421
    • sixth girl: Princess Hooted Ch' ing
  • Consort Cheng An, mother of
    • eighth girl: princess Fu Ch' ing + 1417
  • Concubine Hu Ch' ung fei, mother of
    • sixth wire: Prince Chu Chen ° 5 IV 1364 + 21 III 1424; prince de Ch' U
  • Concubine Your Ting Fei, mother of:
    • seventh wire: Prince Chu Fu ° 28 XII 1364 + 1428; prince de Ch' I
    • eighth wire: Prince Chu Tzu ° 6 X 1369 + 18 IV 1390; prince of You year
  • Concubine Kuo Ning fei, mother of
    • tenth wire: Prince Chu You year ° 15 III 1370 + 2 I 1390; Lu prince
  • Kuo Concubine Today fei, girl of Kuo Tzu Hsing, mother of:
    • eleventh wire: Prince Chu Ch' a ° 4 IV 1371 + 22 III 1423; prince de Shu
    • thirteenth son: prince Chu Kuei ° 25 VIII 1374 + 29 XII 1446; prince de Tai
    • twelfth girl: Princesse Yung Shit + 1455
    • ten ninth wire: prince Chu Today ° 30 IV 1579 + 22 II 1417; prince de Ku
  • Concubine Hu Shun fei, mother of:
    • twelfth wire: Prince Chu Po ° 12 IX 1371 + 1 VI 1399; prince de Hsiang
  • Concubine Li Hsien fei, mother of:
    • twenty third wire: prince Chu Ching ° 30 IX 1386 + 8 IX 1415; prince of You abg
  • Liu Concubine Today fei, mother of
    • twenty fourth prifilsnce: prince Chu Tung ° 21 VI 1388 + 12 XII 1444; prince de Ying
  • Concubine KB Li fei, mother of
    • twenty fifth wire: Prince Chu I ° 9 VII 1388 + 8 X 1444; prince of I
  • Han Concubine, mother of:
    • fourteenth girl: Princess Han Shan ° 1381 + 1462
  • unknown mothers:
    • third girl: Princess Ch' ung Ning + 1384
    • fifth girl: princess Ju Ning
    • seventh girl: Princess Your Ming + 1426
    • ninth girl: Princess Shou ch' one + 1388
    • tenth girl: Princess + young person
    • eleventh girl: Princess Nang K' ang ° 1373 + 19 XI 1438
    • thirteenth girl: Princess + young person
    • fifteenth girl: Princess Ju Yang
    • sixteenth girl: Princess CAM Ch' ing ° 1396 + 1433

References

  • My Li, To be able and philosophy at Zhu Yuanzhang, despotism and legitimacy , Paris, Editions You Feng, 2002
  • Wu Han, the emperor of Ming , Paris, Éditions Philippe Picquier, 1991,

Zh-classical: 明太祖

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