Maximilien III Joseph of Bavaria

Maximilien III Joseph (March 28th 1727 - December 30th 1777) is Prince-Voter of Bavaria of 1745 with 1777.

Biography

Born with Munich, Maximilien is the oldest son of Charles VII of the Holy roman Empire and of his wife Marie Amélie de Habsbourg. His/her maternal grandparents are the emperor Joseph Ier of the Holy roman Empire and Wilhelmine Amélie of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

With died his/her father, in 1745, it inherits a country about to be invaded by the Austrian armies at the time of the War of succession of Austria. Maximilien III quickly gives up the imperial claims of its predecessor and makes peace with its powerful neighbor, Marie-Therese Ire of Hungary at the time of the Traité of Füssen in which it is committed supporting the candidature of her husband, François Ier of the Holy roman Empire at the time of the election for the throne of the Saint Germanic Roman Empire.

Maximilien III Joseph is an exemplary monarch of the enlightened Despotisme which endeavoured to make the good of its country. In 1747, with Nymphenburg, it creates the manufacture of Porcelaine of Nymphenburg. The first scientific institution of Bavaria, the Academy of Science of Bavaria, is founded in 1759 by Maximilien III.

It is also him which orders, in 1751, with François de Cuvilliés the construction of the splendid theater Rococo the Théâtre Cuvilliés in the Résidence of Munich. The crisis frumentaire of 1770 sees it selling the crown jewels to pay cargoes of grain. This same year, it imposes sumptuary Lois to limit the extravagance and the pump of the Roman Catholic church, consequently carrying a crushing argument to plentiful the Baroque architecture to Bavaria. In 1771, the prince-voter enacts laws on the education of the children.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is received in Munich by Maximilien III Joseph which is, as a good German prince, enlightened amateur of music and composes even at its lost hours but the frugality of the budget of the menu-pleasures makes that no position is offered to the type-setter.

In December 1777, Maximilien III Joseph dies of the Variole without leaving of heir. It is the last male of the branch junior by the house of Wittelsbach which goes down from Louis IV of the Holy roman Empire and which reigned on Bavaria without stopping since the 14th century. Its death causes short a War of succession of Bavaria. His wife, the princess Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony, negotiates then with Protestant Prussia to guarantee the independence of Bavaria against the aimings of Habsbourg of Austria, the powerful neighbors catholic. In the final analysis, it is a very remote cousin, resulting from the elder branch of the house of Wittelsbach, the Elector Palatine Charles Theodore of Bavaria which has to succeed to him.

Maximilien III Joseph is buried in the crypt of the Theatinerkirche in Munich.

See too

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