Maurice Lachâtre
Wire of a colonel baron d' Empire, Maurice of Châtre (pen name: Lachâtre ), born on October 14th, 1814 with Issoudun, commune of Indre-et-Loire was pupil with the Academy of the Arrow, then at the Saint-Cyr military school School.
Maurice Lachatre joined the rows of the Saint-Simonians and then decided to gain the East. But it had to stop in the VAr, in 1835. It is established in Muy and worked in a carpenter, making propaganda saint-simonienne. For this reason, the police force stopped it, not without difficulty, and, on April 11th, 1835, the court of Draguignan condemned it for opening of a school without authorization. Then, he worked for the bookseller Robert Arnault.
He settled professionally in Paris in 1839. He undertook two activities first of all: he founded a bank of the exchanges and began his career of editor by publishing the famous Crimes of Alexandre Dumas. He published during this period, in 1840, Fourier and his system , of Zoe Gatti de Gamond, and in 1841 the Organization of work of Louis Blanc (3rd ED.), and the Fragmens histories of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. During the period 1841-1843, it was close to Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte who entrusted the to him Analyze of the question of sugars .
During this beginning of career of editor, it wrote a Histoire of the Popes, Mystères of iniquities of the court of Rome , which appeared in ten volumes illustrated in 1842 and 1843 and which was going to know several republications and translations. In 1846, in the Gironde, it acquired the castle of Arbanats. In 1848, Maurice Lachâtre seems to have played an active role in Paris. He was delegated to the democratic electoral Committee, at the sides of his friends Louis Blanc and Felix Pyat.
In November 1849, the editor on sale put the first deliveries of the Mystères of the people of Eugene Sue, using with this intention a system of development of consumer loyalty by premiums (the publication, stopped on several occasions, was going to last until 1857). He directed the universal Dictionnaire, the historical, literary Pantheon and illustrated encyclopedia of 1852 to 1856, and whose two strong volumes condense the thought progressist of time: fourierism, Saint-Simonism, socialism, homeopathy, spelling reform, etc, largely have established among there.
At that time, Maurice Lachâtre was close to Proudhon. In 1852, it divided its field of Arbanats which was used as starting point of a " commune-model " , which was going to gather a communal bank, a mutual case, two schools, a dispensary. From 1855 to 1857, it made appear a reduction of its dictionary, under the title of illustrated French Dictionnaire .
In 1857,60 000 specimens of the Mystères of the people were seized in the editor. The court condemned Lachâtre to one year of prison, 6000 F of fine and two years of civil imprisonment, and it ordered the destruction of the stereotypes and the seizure and the destruction of the work. July 14th of the following year, Maurice Lachâtre was again condemned as author of the universal Dictionnaire to 6.000 francs of fine and five years of prison. While the work was seized and destroyed, it had to take refuge in Barcelona. A new judgment struck it, in 1859, for the illustrated French Dictionnaire .
In November 1864, Lachâtre returned to Paris and founded the Docks of the bookstore, where the books and newspapers côtoyaient the articles of jewelry and clock industry. As of May 1865, it started to make appear the deliveries of sound Nouveau universal Dictionary . Allan Kardec, one of his/her collaborators, makes him publicity in the medium of the spiritistic ones. It develops its system of door-to-door selling and subscriptions in a domestic network with correspondents abroad. In December 1867, it joined the Figaro , then started to publish the Nouvelle national encyclopedia , and prepared an illustrated version of the Histoire of the French revolution of Louis Blanc.
During the Seat of 1870-1871, he collaborated in the newspaper the Combat , founded by Felix Pyat, then with the Vengeur . After the fall of Commune, it settled in Saint-Sebastien (Spain) and began the edition of the French translation of the Capital of Karl Marx. It went to Belgium, from which it was expelled and gained then Switzerland where it continued the publication of the Manuel confessors , which was worth to him to be condemned by contumacy in Liege.
Pardoned on May 17th, 1879, it returned to Paris, and published in 1880 its Histoire of the Enquiry , Capital and labor of Ferdinand Lassalle and 1848 of Victor Marouck. The following year, it republished its Nouveau universal Dictionary , preceded by a letter of Leon Cladel. Then, it started to collaborate with Hector France, which will write the Mysteries of the world , continuation envisaged by Eugene Sue with the Mystères of the people .
Lachâtre, approached the anarchists ves the end of his life. Its turning was concretized by the publication, of 1894 to 1898, the three volumes of sound Dictionary-newspaper . André Girard was the sub-editor of the Dictionnaire Châtre (1898-1907), primarily posthumous work, since Maurice Lachâtre died on March 9th, 1900.
Sources
- François Gaudin, Maurice Lachâtre (1814-1900), portrait of an editor and socialist lexicographer , Thesis of doctorate, 2 vol. 2004.
- Jean Maitron (to dir), biographical Dictionary of the labor movement , editions of the workshop, cédérom.
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