Mauléon-Licharre

Geography

Hydrography

The city is crossed by the Saison ( Uhaitzandi in Basque, also called gave of Mauléon ), which is thrown in the Gave d' Oloron, like by its affluents, the Urgorri brooks, Laco and Manga.
Another affluent of the gave of Oloron also sprinkles the commune, the brook the Lausset.

Localities and hamlets

Communes bordering

Viodos-Abense-with-Low and Chéraute in north
Ainharp in the west
Garindein and Gotein-Libarrenx in the south
Roquiague in the east.

Toponymy

The toponym Mauléon is mentioned in the middle of XIIe century (cartulaire of Bayonne), and appears in the forms Malleon (1276, Gascon roles), lo marcadiu and country house of Mauleoo (1387, notaries of Navarrenx), Malus-Leo (1454, chapter of Bayonne), Mauleo and Mauleon de Sole (1460, contracts of Ohix).
The toponym Licharre appears in the forms lo noguer of Lixarre , which indicated the legal place of assembly under a walnut tree (1385, collection Duchesne volume CXIV), Feels-Johan Lixare and does it Feels-Johan Lixare (respectively 1470 and 1481, contracts of Ohix), Lixarra (1508, chapter of Bayonne).

History

English domination

In 1261, the prince Edouard Ier of England makes a show of force on the site, which encourages the Viscounts of Soule to be subjected. It decides then, to sit its capacity, the fortification of certain cities of which, into Drunk, Villeneuve-the-Tardets (today Tardets-Sorholus) and Mauléon which become country houses. A medieval enclosure, since destroyed, protected the High-city then. The latter was organized around a great place of rectangular form which bordered of many houses with arches sheltering the marché.

Mauléon, administrative seat

Paul Raymond note which Mauléon was the seat of a châtellenie, of a royal Bailliage and subdelegation of the country of Soule.
In 1790, Mauléon was the chief town of a district made up of the cantons of Barcus, Domezain, Mauléon, Sunharette and Tardets. The canton of Mauléon included/understood the communes of the current canton, without Barcus, the Hospital-Saint-Blaise, nor Roquiague, but with the village of Saint-Etienne.
The village of Licharre was linked in Mauléon on March 19th, 1841.

Court of Licharre

Licharre was the seat of a jurisdiction, called court of Licharre , having for spring all the country of Drunk. The calls were interjetés to the court of the jurats of Dax (Landes) and from there with the seneshal of Guyenne.
The judges of the court of Licharre were the lord of the manor of Mauléon, the ten potestats of Drunk and the gentlemen propriétaires.
The habit of Soule indicates into 1520 that: with the country of Plate its dets potestats, be assaver: lo senhor deu Domec de Lacarri, lo senhor of Bimeinh de Domasanh, lo senhor deu Domec de Sibas, lo senhor of Olhaibi, lo senhor deu Domec d' Ossas, lo senhor of Amichalgun de Charri, lo senhor of Genteynh, lo senhor of Salted of Charrite, lo senhor of Espes and lo senhor deu Domec de Cheraute. Los quoaus its tenguts to come has all the menhs oeitene has oeitene in Cort Lixare to hold cort ab lo Capitaine Castellan .

Administration

Intercommunality

Mauléon-Licharre belongs to eight inter-commune structures:

Communauté of communes of Drunk-Xiberoa
trade union for the support for the Basque culture
arranges public local management
intercommunity association of the gaves of Oloron and Mauléon
intercommunity association for the construction and the operation of THESE of Mauléon
trade union AEP of the Country of Drunk
trade union of cleansing of the Country of Drunk
departmental trade union of electrification.

Twinning

Demography

The figure of population of 2004 is a provisional population established by INSEE.

Economy

Mauléon-Licharre is the capital of the Espadrille.
An important part of the activity is turned towards agriculture (breeding, pastures).

The city has an antenna of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Bayonne Basque Country.

Culture and inheritance

Civil inheritance

strong Castle

It is at the 11th century, whereas is trained the Viscount of Soule, that a mound castrale is set up on a hillock, simply made up of a wood tower, flanked of a farmyard, the whole being protected by a palisade girdled from a ditch. In 1261, the English king who has into Drunk the title of Viscount, decides to make represent its authority, in particular military, by means of a captain-lord of the manor, remunerated by his care. Between 1272 and 1287, Edouard Ier, concerned of the quality of its fortified towns, imposes repairs and a reinforcement of the fortifications of the castle, work continued in 1319 and 1374 on decision of the captain-lords of the manor.

After vain attempts at reconquest on the England, attempts sometimes temporarily crowned success (as between 1295 and 1307), the Count Gaston IV of Foix-Béarn, favorable to the king of France, initiates, in 1449, the reconquest of the Guyenne by the catch of Mauléon. To its death on the battle field, in 1512, the castle, just as the whole of the Drunk , is definitively attached to France. It undergoes new attacks in 1523 - but of short duration -, those of the Prince d' Orange and Seigneur of Luxury. In second half of the 16th century, the castle suffers from the wars of religion and it is burnt besides on this occasion.

In 1642, on order of Louis XIII, the strong castle is demolished. In 1648 a partial rebuilding is organized but the castle is finally abandoned. Under the French revolution, it is employed like prison, a function which it keeps during years. In 1831, the Minister for the war refuses his restoration although it shelters a garrison and this, until in 1870, date on which the city becomes owner about it.

the castle of Maytie known as of Andurain: built at the end of XVIe century by Pierre de Maytie.

the house of Bleated: particularly known because in 1587 its owner, Gerard de Béla, decided to found taxes, innovation which displeased to the inhabitants of the city particularly.

the Market: it goes back to 1765, claimed by the inhabitants. Indeed, since the terrible fire of 1641 which had destroyed a score of houses, only eleven could still correctly shelter the market under their hoods.

War memorial: this pacifist War memorial is the work of Ernest Gabard, sculptor palois and soldier of the Great War.

Religious heritage

Notre-Dame Church: the inhabitants claim the construction of one church at the end of the 14th century. Set fire to several times during the wars of religion, it is altered considerably at the 17th century, is equipped then with a bell-tower martyrdom.
Church Saint-Jean-Baptist: built at the end of the XIXe century (1877).
Martyrdom (or white cross ) out of white marble of the XVIIe century.
Vault Saint-Jean-of-Berraute: it dates from XIIIe century and was modified with XVIIe and XIXe centuries then abandoned.

Environmental inheritance

Sports events

The commune is located on the way of the 16th stage of the Tour de France 2007 which will take place on July 25th. The course of 218 kilometers will connect Orthez to Gourette - Collar of Aubisque.

Equipment

The commune has three elementary schools and elementary, of a public college (Argia college), of a private college (Saint-François college), of a private college (Saint-François college), of a public vocational school (Champo college) and of a private agricultural college (agricultural private college of Drunk).

Festivities

Festivals: around on July 14th. These festivals were immortalisés by the famous song " Festivals of Mauléon" composed by the famous chansonnier souletin Pierre Bordaçarre Etxahun-Iruri .

Personalities related to the commune

Jean de Sponde, born in 1557 in Mauléon and dead the March 18th 1595 with Bordeaux, is a poet Baroque French.
Henri de Sponde born in 1568 in Mauléon and died in 1643 with Toulouse, was an ecclesiastic, lawyer and historian French, and was bishop of Pamiers.

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