Mathieu Ier Visconti

Mathieu Ier Visconti known as Large the , in Italian Matteo Visconti it Large or Matteo Magno Visconti , born the August 15th 1250 with Invorio (Piedmont), dead the June 24th 1322 with Crescenzago, today district of Milan, is noble a Italy N which was lord of Milan following his great-uncle Otton Visconti.

Biography

His/her father was Teobaldo (or Tibaldo) Visconti which died decapitated in Gallarate in 1276, wire of a brother of Otton Visconti, Obizzo, lord of Massino, Albizzate and Besnate. His/her mother was Anastasia Pirovano, perhaps niece of the cardinal Uberto Pirovano, archbishop of Milan.

Mathieu was a man-at-arms and accurately served his Otton great-uncle in his battles and for the conquest of the capacity of the city of Milan.

Mathieu was 37 years old when his great-uncle, the archbishop Otton Visconti, made name it Capitaine of the people, in December 1287. Its function to him will be assure two years later and, in 1291, the General advice of the city will name it lord of Milan without true official mandate on behalf of the King of the Romans, Rodolphe I {{er}}. In May 1294, a mail of the emperor arrives who appoints it general vicar for the Lombardy.

Mathieu starts again the war against Lodi and Crema.

In 1295, after the death of Otton, one period of battles for the domination of Milan started, between the sympathizers of the imperial vicar, the Gibelins, and the Guelfes, in favor of the pope and supported by the people, carried out by the della Torre . After a fashion, Mathieu was maintained with the head of the city until June 1302 where a league which gathered the Torriani Milanese and the antiones of the cities of Crémone, Pavia, Plaisance, Novare, Verceil, Lodi, Crema and of the Montferrat, directed by Alberto Scotti was able to threaten it with an army of 10 000 men and to make it leave in exile. The Milanese residence of Visconti was sacagée and destroyed. The surviving Torriani return in ville.
Mathieu will remain several years with Nogarola (Motteggiana), host of Scaligeri de Vérone.

In November 1310, Mathieu meets the King of Romains Henri VII with Asti (Savoy) and a procuration obtains some to make peace in Lombardie.
The December 4th, an agreement is signed between Mathieu and the archbishop Cassono della Torre: it is agreed to distribute the loads and the capacity between the two families. From December 1310 at February 1311, Henri VII, who, meanwhile, was crowned king d' Italie the January 6th, tries to find areas of agreement between the guelfes Torriani and the gibelins Viscontiani . But the February 13rd, of the German soldiers of Henri VII find family members della Torre the weapons with the hand. Engagements follow between the troops of the king and the Torriani and the latter are driven out city. Henri VII starts again to weave his screen of Milanese alliances. He gives up in support of Visconti or of Torriani and prefers to recruit in the districts a certain number of citizens who find themselves joined together in the company of Faithful and swear fidelity with the king.

The July 13rd 1311, the Emperor sold to Mathieu the load imperial vicar for Milan. Mathieu, again main from Milan, therefore is not released from the Torriani . A league gibeline is organized including the cities faithful to the Emperor, Milan, Like, Novare, Verceil, Bergamo, Brescia, Lodi, Crémone, Plaisance.
The troops guelfes of Passerino della Torre are demolished, in March 1312 with Soncino.
Then, the June 29th 1312, Henri VII is crowned emperor by the pope Clément V. It will be only for one very short period because he dies the August 24th 1313 with Buonconvento in Toscane and Robert of Anjou, king de Naples, is proclaimed duke of Milan by the league guelfe; it will be named pontifical vicar of Lombardy in March following by the pope French which will die in April.
The skirmishes continue, the Torriani continue their harassing of the Milanese troops, take by storm of the cities, incite some to raise itself and faithful the gibelins and the wire of Mathieu are by mounts and by apply to restore peace or to subject the rebellious cities. It will be, in 1313, the battles of Gaggiano and Rho, close to Pavia where the Torriani are demolished. In 1314, take place the attack and the plundering of the abbey of Morimondo then the attack and the fallen through seat of Plaisance by the Torriani and the catch of Tortona by the Viscontiani of Marco Visconti, 2nd wire of Mathieu, who drives out the Angevins of them. In 1315, Marco Visconti overcomes the seneshal angevin on the Scrivia river, near Voghera, Uguccione della Faggiuola, helped of Marco and Lucien Visconti, beats the guelfes Tuscan and king Robert of Anjou with Montecatini Terme, Etienne Visconti enters by surprised Pavia then withdraws himself and finally, Marco Visconti occupies Alexandria and shortly after Verceil. In 1316, in Parma, a popular revolt drives out the guelfe Giberto de Correggio, vicar angevin and a new pope, Jean XXII, French also, is elected who seems decided to eliminate the gibelins from Italy of Nord.
The year 1317 and the following ones will be years of procedures and drive out-crossed between Mathieu and papacy. The war of excommunicated the starts. The pope charges two papal emissary with inquiring into the gibelines cities, to start with Milan, Vérone and Mantoue where they present to their lords the papal interdict to carry the title of imperial vicar. In March, a bubble of the pope confirms this prohibition with whoever carried this title if it had been allotted by Henri VII, the late emperor. In August, Jean Visconti is elected archbishop of Milan by Milanese Capitole but the pope refuses this nomination and names an ecclesiastic franciscain torriani , Aicardo Antimiani.
In January 1318, the bishops of Silk and As shows Mathieu of heresy and excommunicate it. The pope confirms, in April, this excommunication that it extends to the gibelins Cangrande della Scala, lord of Vérone and Passerino Bonacolsi, lord of Mantoue.
During this time, the four big families gênoises prepare with a confrontation, on the one hand the Grimaldi and the Fieschi, guelfes, close to king Robert of Anjou and on the other hand the Spinola and the Doria, gibelins, close to Visconti. In March 1318, Doria, helped by Marco Visconti, after having sought to besiege Genoa, take Albenga and Savone then, in May 1318, start the seat of the city of Genoa which will last until end 1320. In 1319, an army made up of guelfes florentins and bolognais seizes Brescia and Crémone. Lucien Visconti demolishes the seneshal angevin Hugues de Baux who sought to seize Alexandria and which there meurt.
The year 1320 starts, with Avignon, new papal capital since Jean XXII, a brought lawsuit with Mathieu showing it of Nécromancie with an aim of causing the death of the pope, with the complicity of Dante Alighieri. Mathieu will refuse, in September, to go to Avignon by calling upon his advanced age (it is 70 years old) and bad a santé.
In the plan military, Philippe de Valois, wire of king de France and future Philippe VI is called by the pope to demolish the forces guelfes pro-viscontiennes; he meets the troops lombardes with Sesia, in August 1320, and, in front of their number, hesitates nearly one month then prefers to be turned over some to France. As of the following day, on August 26th 1320, the lord gibelin Cangrande della Scala undergoes a defeat on behalf of the army padouane and, the September 4th, one second with Monselice. In December, the troops Milanese viscontiennes put the seat in front of Verceil.
The January 15th 1321, Bonacosa, the wife of Mathieu, dies. The court of Avignon delivers its sentence in February and Mathieu is condemned by contumacy for the charges of Nécromancie. In December, the pope asks the archbishop of Milan to open a new lawsuit against Mathieu and his Galéas son for hérésie.
The war continues to devastate Lombardy. Marco Visconti, in April, demolish a troop guelfe come to help Verceil besieged and the city goes at once. Marco will be however pushed back in June near Asti by the troops angevines which will seize Valenza. On his side, the son of Mathieu, Galéas Visconti, besieges Crema and Casement bolt in September then, in November, demolish the troops gibelines Pleasure and of Lodi to Borgo Val di Taro.
At the beginning of the year 1322, it seems that the Church is well decided to finish some with Visconti. The cardinal Bertrand of Poujet, the angel of the peace (pacis angelus ) of the pope, legate invested since 1320 of particular capacities to fight against the heretics in Lombardy, proclaims, since Asti, the holy crusade against Visconti with gathering of the cross with Valenza. Following what, in March 1322, the charge of heresy is extended to all wire of Mathieu and 1465 quotations to appear are addressed to close relations of Visconti! The archbishop of Milan, Aicardo Antimiani, condemns Mathieu Visconti like heretic: its goods are confiscated and its cancelled dignities. Then, it is with the turn of the Milanese citizens to be accused by the Inquisition and to lose goods and rights. And in April, Henri de Habsbourg, brother of Frederic Beautiful the, seizes Brescia then on the authorities and with the guilders of Mathieu and Cangrande della Scala, is turned over from there to Germany in May.

At the end of May, Galéas left the government of Pleasure to his wife Béatrice and her son Azzon to deal with the government of Milan that Mathieu entrusted to him before withdrawing himself in Crescenzago.
Its retirement hardly lasted because a month afterwards, the June 24th 1322, Mathieu died in Crescenzago, close to Milan, in its 74e year. Galéas was named Capitaine of the people for one year.

Descent

In August 1269, Mathieu had married Bonacosa Borri (NC-1321), girl of the captain Squarcino Borri. They had ten children:

Floramonda (NC-1321) which married, in 1288, Guido Mandelli, count of Maccagno
Galéas (1277-1328), which will succeed Mathieu as lord of Milan
Caterina (NC-1311) which married, in 1298, Alboino Ier della Scala, lord of Vérone
Zaccarina (NC-av.1328) which married, in 1301, Ottone Rusconi of Like
Marco known as Balatrone (NC-1329), lord of Rosate and Lucca, podestat of Alexandria, which will die strangled
Jean (1290-1354) which will be elected archbishop from Milan in August 1317 and will be Co-lord of Milan with his Lucien brother after death, in 1339, of Azzon, the son of Galéas
Lucien (1292-1349) which will be Co-lord of Milan with his brother Jean
Etienne (NC-1327), lord of Arona who will marry, in 1318, Valentine Doria, girl of Barnabò of Sassello and Eliana Fieschi of Lavagna; they will be the parents of Mathieu II (1319-1355), Galéas II (1320-1378) and Barnabé (1323 † 1385) which will succeed Jean
Agnès (NC), who will marry Cecchino della Scala of Vérone
Béatrice (NC), which will marry Spinetta Malaspina marquis of Verrucola (Fivizzano).

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