Material

A material is a matter of origin Nature it or artificial that the man works to make objets.

  • of them a material is thus a Matière basic selected because of Propriété S particular and implemented for a specific use.
  • Chemical nature , the Physical form (phase S involved, granulometry and form of the Particule S, for example), the surface quality, the various raw materials which are at the base of materials confers on those particular properties.
  • One thus distinguishes four big families from materials:

The mineral materials are Roche S, Céramique S or Verre S. the metallic materials are metals or Alliage S of metals.

Examples

Here some examples of materials:

Engineering of materials

The Résistance of the materials is interested in the properties Mécanique S and physics of materials and in their behavior under the action of force S and Contrainte S external.

See also Science of the materials.

Characteristics of materials

August 1st A material can be characterizes according to two parameters:
  • Its constraint (often notee in sigma, its unit is Pa (Pascal = N.m^-2).

  • Its deformation (note.

The constraint is proportional to the deformation, the constant of proportionality is notee E: modulus of elasticity, (also calls Young Modulus), according to the formula: constraint = (Modulus of elasticity) * (lengthening)

Source: Deliver " Of Materiaux" , 3rd Edition, JEAN-PAUL MUZZLE, JEAN-MARIE DORLOT. ISBN 2-553-00770-1, Chapter 1: Methods of characterization of materials.

Physical properties

The materials with important density are used with the manufacture of counterweight (balancing), wheels of inertia, etc.
Those with low density are used in aeronautics for example.
  • Coefficient of Dilation.
Between concerned, for example for materials subjected to important variations in temperature. Used in the heat accumulators of the dwellings. Materials called to melt (fusible) Here some physical characteristics of materials: solidity, hardness, the color, the weight, rigidity, form etc

Cost

In general, for a given application, several material materials or combinations are likely to answer the Schedule of conditions. The Originator, the Engineer, the Architect, are thus brought to seek the best cost ratio/functions filled.

See too

Internal bonds

Simple: Material

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