Materia oscura caliente
Jean-Mathieu Philibert Sérurier (Laon, December 8th 1742 - Paris, December 24th 1819), was a general of the French revolution and Maréchal of Empire (1804). It was also named Count d' Empire and became Pair of France to the Restauration.
Biography
Origin
Lieutenant with the provincial Militia of Laon in 1755, to the thirteen years age, it follows a slow career and is teaching with the regiment of infantry of Aumont in 1759. He makes the countryside in Germany, is wounded with Warburg in 1760.
During monarchy
Sérurier is one of the rare generals of Napoleon who faced the Prussian S during the Guerre Seven Year old. He goes to the Portugal, then is named lieutenant with the regiment of Beauce infantry. He serves in Corsica under Marbeuf in 1770, sunken in France, he is named captain in 1778. After a request for retirement in 1788, he becomes commander with the Medoc infantry in 1789.
The French revolution
It faces a revolt of soldiers agitated by the French revolution, when he is lieutenant-colonel of the 70 {{E}} regiment in garrison with Perpignan. Vis-a-vis these patriotic soldiers, his aristocratism is condemned. Being on the point of emigrating, it is broken of its rank and decree the October 10th 1792. Reinstated by Barred, it owes him its place of Brigadier general with the Armée with Italy the June 25th 1793.
The Countryside of Italy
It fights in Italy the Piedmont board. When Napoleon Bonaparte takes the command of the Armée with Italy, it is one of its assistants appreciated by his serious and his courage.It contributes to the Bataille of Mondovi (April 21st 1796), with the Bataille of Lonato (November 23rd 1795) to Favorite the (January 16th 1797), and to Castiglione. It is distinguished with the seat from Mantoue the February 2nd 1797 (14 Pluviôse year V), with the Passage of Tagliamento. Bonaparte appreciates this just man, devoted and incompetent of intrigues and entrusts the responsibility to him to give to the Directoire the flags taken to the enemy, in June 1797.
By the Treated of Campo-Formio, the République of Venice is almost very whole under the Austrian domination ; Sérurier, named governor of Venice the October 18th 1797, is in charge of the evacuation three months afterwards and carries vivres, ammunition, weapons and objects of Article.
Too much old to be Forwarding of Egypt, it finds a command in the army of Italy. It is announced to Pastrengo (March 26th 1799), it occupies Lucques in 1799, is useful under Schérer, but fails in front of Vérone and must capitulate with Verderio (April 28th) to much higher forces. Given in freedom on word by Souvarov, it returns in France.
Empire
Called the “Virgin of Italy ” because of its integrity, Sérurier orders the reserve with Paris. Confined with the district of the Point of the Day with Saint-Cloud, it lets make the Coup d'etat of the 18 brumaire. Napoleon Bonaparte appoints it senator in the first round of December 1799.Vice-president of the senate in 1802; praetor of the senate in 1803, he is governor of the Invalides throughout all imperial government and Maréchal of Empire in 1804, Grand Eagle of the Légion of honor in 1805 and count of the Empire in 1808. He becomes general commander of the national guard of Paris in 1809.
It will remain in the history of the Empire - and the history very short - as that which will have organized largest and most glorious Autodafé of the History. In the night of the 30 with the March 31st 1814, it ordered the incineration, in the court of the Invalids, the 1.417 flags taken with the enemy since the wars of Louis XIV, as well as the sword and of the badges of Frederic II of Prussia. Ashes were then thrown to the the Seine.
Restoration
He votes the forfeiture of Napoleon i to the Senate and joins with Louis XVIII, which makes a Pair of it France. He returns towards the Emperor during the Hundred Days but remains well off any activity. The Second Restoration will punish it by putting it at the treatment of reform and by striping it of the room of the pars whereas he voted the death of the marshal Ney. It is replaced in the government of the Invalids by the Duc of Coigny.It finds its dignity of Marshal of France only at January 1st 1819 while having obtained little time before the Grand-croix of Saint-Louis. He dies in Paris the December 24th 1819. Its skin was deposited with the Invalides in 1847.
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