Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi (Arab: rear RTL المسجدالنبوي or mosque of the Prophet, with Medine, is the second holiest mosque of the Islam after Masjid Al-Haram with Mecque; the Mosquée of Al-Aqsa (beside the Dome of the Rock, with Jerusalem) is the holier third of Islam. The original mosque was built by the prophet Mohammad. The following caliphs increased the size and improved decoration of the mosque. The original mosque was not large and represented only one small portion of the current mosque. The size of the mosque was increased considerably since the formation of the Saudi Arabia. The last restoration took place under the king Fahd.

History

It was built at the time of the Hégire of Muhammad and its companions of Mecque with Médine. A few days after having begun the construction of the mosque of Quba, Mohammad started the construction of a second mosque with Médine, known today under the name of Masjid Al-Nabawi, or the mosque of the prophet. The place of the mosque was selected according to the place where the first prayer of Friday was carried out in Médine. Indeed, taking again its way towards Médine, it left in its mounting, Qoçoua, the care to determine the place of arrival by slackening the support to him. Thus after many turnings, it stopped finally on a broad ground empties and knelt. It is on this ground that the mosque of Médine was built.
the first enlarging of the Mosque took place under the reign of Caliph Omar Ibn Al Khattab who added a portion of ground to the Mosque on the northern side and rebuilt it. When the Caliph Omar died, it was buried beside the tombs of the Mohammad Prophet and the Caliph Abou Bakr Al Siddiq. Under the reign of the Caliph Osman Ibn Affan, the widening of the Mosque seemed necessary and urgent. It proceeded then, in 649 - 650 with the extension and the rebuilding of the Mosque.

At the time Omayyade

With its accession with the Caliphate of the State Omayyade, Al Walid Ibn Abdel Malek ordered the enlarging and the rebuilding of the Mosque. The most important characteristics of this enlarging lie in the introduction of new architectural elements such as the terraces, the minarets and Mihrab hollow in the wall of Quibla. It was also the first enlarging to annex the burials of the mothers of the believers to the Mosque. The surface of this extension was approximately 2.369 M ².

At the time Abbasid

Under the reign of Caliph Abbasside Al Mahdi, the Mosque was extended and rebuilt. However, the most important restoration of the Mosque was accomplished under the reign of the Mamelukes, when the Qaitbay Sultan ordered the rebuilding of several parts.

Othoman time at our days

The Sultan Mahmoud II, in 1813, made build a new dome in the prophetic room to replace that of Qaitbay. The new dome was covered with lead and tints in green the Othoman Sultan Abdel Megid I made entirely rebuild the Mosque after having destroyed it except for the prophetic room. This construction which comprised an extension on a surface of 1.293 m ² was the last goes back to it before the first Saoudi expansion.

In front of the surge of the pilgrims and the signs of tiredness of the Mosque, the Saoudi Sovereign Abdel Aziz launched his rebuilding and his extension in 1951. Preserving the Othoman architecture of the Sultan Abdel Megid, the Saoudi extension (of 6.000 m ²) carried the total surface area to more than 16.000 m ².

Roi Fahd Ben Abdel Aziz posed the October 29th 1985 the first stone of a new extension. With a surface of more than 160.000 m ², the Mosque of the Prophet can accommodate 250.000 faithful.

External bond

• Seen satellite of the mosque on WikiMapia

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