The Maryland is a State of the Is the United States, bordered with the Western by the Virginia-Western , with the Northern by the Pennsylvania, with the Is by the Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean and with the Southern - Western by the Virginia and the District of Columbia.

History

In 1632, is founded the colony of Maryland under the action of Cecilius Calvert. She is baptized in the honor of Henriette-Marie de France, girl of Henri IV and Queen of England. She accommodates the Catholique S persecuted in England. Clashes oppose them thereafter to the Protesting S which take finally the ascending one on the colony. The culture of the Tabac ensures its fortune and its expansion during the 17th century. About 1775, Maryland counts approximately 200.000 habitants.
At the time of the civil war (countryside of Maryland), the battle of Antietam creek (or battles of Sharpsburg) led close to Sharpsburg, lasted only one day, the September 17th 1862, but it was the first great battle of the civil war carried out on the grounds of north, as well as bloodiest of all the American history in term of number of died in one day, leaving approximately 23.000 died and wounded on the ground. It becomes the 7th state on April 28th, 1788.

Geography

Of a surface of: 27091  km ², Maryland is populated of: 5296486 inhabitants (2000). The capital of the State is Annapolis. Maryland is divided into two by the Baie of Chesapeake  : the Eastern bank and the Western bank. The Eastern bank (“  Eastern Shore   ”) is also part of the Péninsule of Delmarva.

Main cities

Environment

This State of the Coast to to have been reputation and to be still very polluted, for water and the air in particular, even if according to the MDE (Maryland Department off the Environment) the quality of the air very improved of 2003 with 2005, because in particular of a programme of control of pollution (Nox, CO, CO2, mercury…) powerplants with the coal launched in 2003. In January 1969, from dead ducks fall on the town of St Mary' S City in Maryland, which according to the Washington Post of the January 26th 1969 seem to be struck of Sudden death in full flight, without nobody saw nor heard an explosion or a phenomenon likely to explain this case. It could not be a question of a “traditional” case of animals but of the passage of the animals in a cloud resulting from an accidental pollution of industrial, harbor or marine origin (chemical emanations of immersed ammunition  ?). Sexual anomalies were detected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in fish of the river Potomac (production of eggs by the male sexual organs at the smallmouth low close to Sharpsburg. One in particular suspecté of the disturbing endocriniens which could come from hormones given to hens or other livestock (a study carried out in 1999 and 2000 detected hormones in approximately 37  % of the rivers tested), possibly coming from the Neighboring state.
Of the legal programs (Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act) of restoration relates to the wetlands, the Baie of Chesapeake and the herbaria underwater in particular, under the aegis of the Department of the environment of the State. To prevent that the estuary does not become a dead Zone, the inhabitants are invited more not to use artificial fertilizers and to manage in situ water of storms (retaining tanks, infiltration, purification) before returning them towards the river or the tablecloths.

Policy

Maryland is a democratic State of tradition , described as Southerner by his history although it did not make secession in 1860 and that it is much nearer politically to the States of the North-East.

A democratic presidential tradition

Since the Sixties, the State is anchored in the democratic bosom and the republican candidates carry it generally only when they largely gain the national presidential election (1972, 1984 and 1988).

With the presidential election of 2004, the democratic candidate John Kerry obtained there 55,91% of the votes compared with 42,93% with the outgoing president, the republican George W. Bush.

The democratic candidates systematically carried the State since the presidential election of 1992.

A democratic local tradition

The constitution of Maryland goes back to 1867.

Of 2003 with 2007, the governor of Maryland east Robert Ehrlich Jr, first republican governor since 1969 and end of the mandate of Spiro Agnew. In November 2006, it tries to be made re-elect but is beaten with 46% of the voices compared with 53% with its challenger, the democrat Martin O' Malley.

The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket with the governor.

The two other elected stations of the executive, those of Attorney General and controller of State are held by democrats.

At the local level, at the time of the session 2007-2008, the Lower House of 141 members is dominated by 106 democrats and the Senate of 47 members by 33 democrats.

A democratic national anchoring

At the federal level, the two senators of the State, Paul Sarbanes and Barbara Mikulski are democratic whereas six of the eight representatives of the State to the Chambre of the Representatives of the United States are also democratic.

Economy

Traditions

The regional meal consists of soup to cabbages traditionally accompanied by jumped potatoes.

Sports

  • Baltimore Ravens (NFL)
  • Baltimore Orioles (MLB)

References

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