Martial Guéroult

Martial Gueroult , born with the Harbor the December 15th 1891 and died in Paris the August 13rd 1976, Philosopher and Historian of the Philosophy, in particular of the philosophy of.

The work of Guéroult is crossed by two characteristics:

a great care taken to the history of the philosophy , which is “less noble” than the philosophical production;
a great rigor and a strong requirement systematic (or structural, or, according to the word of Canguilhem, “internalist”), refusing any philosophical recourse to the transcendence.

Biography

He teaches with Strasbourg, then with the Sorbonne, finally with the Collège de France of 1951 with 1963, where he succeeds Etienne Gilson; he gives to his pulpit the name of “History and technology of the philosophical systems”.

Work

History of philosophy

Guéroult wrote several works of history of the philosophy, of which several became references:

Antidogmatisme of Kant and Fichte , 1920
Philosophy transcendantale of Solomon Maimon , 1929
Evolution and the structure of the doctrines of science at Fichte , 1930
Leibniz, Dynamics and metaphysics. Follow-up of a note on the principle of the least action at Maupertuis , 1934
Extended and psychology at Malebranche , 1939
Berkeley. Four studies on perception and God , 1956
Malebranche , 1953-1958
Descartes according to the order of the reasons , 1953

volume 1: the Heart and God
volume 2: the Heart and the body

Spinoza , 1968-1974

volume 1: God ( Ethical , delivers I)
volume 2: the Heart ( Ethical , delivers II)

Études on Fichte , 1979

The book on Spinoza was not completed, Guéroult having encountered problems to build the passage of book II with book III of the Éthique ; he died before being able the récrire.

In its works, Guéroult endeavors to show in what the philosophical speech does without transcendence: it constitutes itself according to its own internal logic.

Polemic on Descartes

A polemic opposed it to Ferdinand Alquié about Descartes: Guéroult studied it “according to the order of the reasons”, i.e. in a systematic way, while Alquié studied it like an existential course.

Dianoématique

Historian of philosophy, Guéroult studied with several of the more great authors; but philosopher, it did not cease being interested in the conditions of possibility of a history of philosophy in general.

The crowning of the work of Guéroult was to be the Dianoématique ; but he died before completing it. This one is made up of two books:

delivers 1: History of the history of philosophy

volume 1: In Occident, of the origins until Condillac , 1984
volume 2: In Germany, of Leibniz at our days , 1988
volume 3: In France, of Condorcet at our days , 1988

delivers 2: Philosophy of the history of philosophy , 1979

The first book (compound of three volumes) examines the various reports/ratios which philosophy could maintain with its history. The second puts the question: how a history of philosophy is possible, if one takes account of the apparently contradictory requirements of philosophy like study of eternal truths, and of the history like school of skepticism?

Influence

Guéroult exerted a great influence on:

Pierre Bourdieu, which made under its direction a report on the Animadversiones of Leibniz;
Gilles Deleuze, which admires its books on Spinoza, Leibniz, Malebranche and their scientific rigor;
Michel Foucault, for the rigor of the analysis of the philosophical systems;
Genevieve Rodis-Lewis;
Jules Vuillemin, which was regarded as its disciple.

External bonds

Vast bibliography of Martial Guéroult

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