Marlaine Cacouault-Bitaud
Marlaine Cacouault-Bitaud is Sociologue and university lecturer in Sciences of education to the Université Paris V. Its work concerns on the construction of the trade of teacher, on the course of its careers in relation to the family life and, in particular, the masculinisation then the feminization of the teaching staff which rose from it. Enquiring attached to UMR CSU (urban Cultures and companies), it is more generally interested in the social reports/ratios of requiring kind in the professions of the diplomas of higher learning.
Social rise and sacrifice of the private life
Marlaine Cacouault-Bitaud carried out a study on the career and the private life of teaching of the colleges at the XXe century while being based on investigations by questionnaires and of the biographical talks carried out between 1979 and 1981 and in the years 1990. It recalls the long walk of the women in a profession reserved a long time to the men in his book Professors… but women . It shows there in particular how, at the beginning of the XXe century, the professorship of the women often went hand in hand with their celibacy. Thus, 70% of the women professors who took their retirement before 1935 were unmarried in end of a career, which was necessary according to them to succeed what represented at the time a strong social advancement in a world of men. " I never married, said a professor of philosophy which started to teach in the years 1930 Tant worse, I never thought of choosing between my professional life and of washing the vaisselle."
Conversely, after the democratization of the secondary education and recruitments of mass of the professors in the years 1950-1970, any exchange: the profession was devalued and the teaching ones became increasingly majority in the colleges. From this moment, the women needed less to be unmarried to progress in the teaching career. On the contrary, the schedules and the holidays of teaching becoming very interesting for the careers of their possible companions (because they make it possible to more easily reproduce the privileged attribution of the domestic tasks to the women), they became better to marry. The report of this inversion makes it possible to join the conclusions drawn by François de Singly in his book Fortune and misfortune from the married woman : the marriage is clearly an asset for the men but a disadvantage for the women (in the professional life at least).
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