Markets of Paris

the Markets is a district of the 1 {{er}} district of Paris (). Located in the middle of the capital, it holds its name of the central Halles , so called Halles of Paris , which were held to with it until the beginning of the Années 1970. Today, this vast market was replaced by a park, an underground shopping mall, the Forum of the Markets, and by many places devoted to the leisures (swimming pool, cinema). The station the RER Châtelet - the Markets, located just in lower part of the complex, is the largest underground station of the world and allows an access since all the Paris region.

Central Markets

The Halles of Paris occupy a zone of 10 Hectare S, with horse on the I {{er}}, II {{E}}, III {{E}} and IV {{E}} districts of the town of Paris, therefore in its geographical center on the Right Bank. They are the principal decoration of the Ventre of Paris of Emile Zola.

History

1135 . Transfer of the central market of the Place of Strike to the center of Paris, the localities Champeaux . This market was located in the suburbs of the north of the city, close to the Saint-Lazare leper-house. It is transferred to the site even from the future Markets. Two covered buildings are high to cleanse the new market in 1183. Very interested by the development of this central market, Philippe Auguste regulates itself the trade of the essential food products: meat, bread and wine. A few years later, Philippe Auguste acquires the whole property of the grounds by paying a royalty with évêché of Paris. It is about an immense bazaar where, on special sites, foodstuffs are sold, textile, shoes, drapery. The merchants settle under particular shelters, close to the houses where the fixed trade of the manufacturers were. Thus the street of the Large Secondhand clotehes shop becomes the place of the trade of fripes. Gradually, other merchants come to settle around those which had already their site. Taking into account the increase in the exchanges, Philippe Auguste makes build the first markets for the clothiers and tisserands, but the market continues to extend, so that as from the 16th century, one considers his reorganization and the widening of the ways. François 1st, in 1543, undertakes the rebuilding of the Markets. It is caught there so that Paris gains there, and the Treasury too. At the end of an edict of September 20th, it orders “the auction of the empty places of the markets” announcing the renunciation of the Fields of the faculty of repurchase; in return of what the purchasers had obligation to carry out, within allowed time, the demolition of existing masonries and the rebuilding of “houses and manors convenient”. Until 1572, one makes build houses with, generally, at the ground floor, of the gantries or known galleries covered under the name of “pillars of the Markets”, which disappear during construction of the Pavillon Baltard. In the center of these galleries with arcades is the “square”, market of the bread, butter, cheese and eggs.

1763 . Construction of the corn exchange.

1789 . The Cemetery of Innocent the, located in the vicinity, between the streets Saint-Denis, of the Linen room, the Ironwork and with Irons, is in its turn arranged in flower market, fruit and vegetables. The French revolution, then the First Empire, modify the urban design of the city. The heart of Paris suffers from problems of hygiene and of safety and one starts to wonder about the provisioning of the capital.

1808 . Napoleon I {{er}} undertakes a coherent reorganization of the markets hall and works out a regulation on the demolition of the animals. It projète to make build a central market enters the Innocent market and the Corn exchange. Despite everything, as of 1830, the problems of circulation and hygiene re-appear, which encourages the prefect Claude Berthelot de Rambuteau to create, in 1842, the Commission of the Markets, which has the role of studying the interest to keep the Markets on their site or to move them. The assistance of architect launched in 1848 is gained by Victor Baltard, which projète to build twelve covered houses of glazing with walls out of glass and cast iron posts. Ten houses are built between 1852 and 1870. The construction of the two last is completed in 1936.

1959 . The transfer of the market of the Markets to Rungis and the Villette is decided.

1963 . The prefect of Paris proposes the restoration of Right Bank, of the Seine to the Gare of the East. 670 hectares and: 150000 inhabitants are concerned. The project is pushed back, but the Council of Paris creates a Survey firm of installation of the Markets and sectors bordering.

1968 . The first projects of installation are pushed back by the Council of Paris. The surface of restoration is reduced by 32 to 15 hectares, the remainder will be the subject of a rehabilitation. An underground installation is considered.

1969. Departure of the market. Cultural events in the houses. The president of the Republic, Georges Pompidou, decides to build a arts center in Beaubourg.

1970 . Creation of a Reach development concerted, decision to arrange the future district of the Clock.

1971 . Demolition of the first six houses located at the east of the street Baltard to allow the construction of station the RER and the Forum.

1973 . Demolition of the Baltard houses of the meat, the southern small islands of the Markets and the Beaubourg small islands. During the summer, film of Marco Ferreri, Key not with the white woman! , is turned in the “hole” of the Markets. This one east also appears in the Tenant of Roman Polanski.

1974 . Elected official chair Republic, Valery Giscard d'Estaing decides the abandonment of the center of international business and the creation of a garden on its site.

1975 . The project chosen by the Parisian ones is rejected with the profit initially that of the Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill then of Jean Willerval. The shopping mall “the forum” is of the architect Claude Vasconi. A contest is initially organized for the installation of the Lescot part directly above station the RER. The team made up of the architects Georges Pencreac' H and Claude Vasconi carries it with the project of the Forum of the Markets, inaugurated in 1979. A second consultation is thereafter organized for the air part, carried Ricardo Bofill, whose project advances until the construction of the carcass work heavy castings with R+2, before the mayor of Paris (Jacques Chirac) decides all to shave while imposing on the place the architect Jean Willerval and his “umbrellas”, inaugurated in 1983. It will be a complete failure.

1977 . Inauguration of the station of the RER on December 7th, and displacement of the station the Markets of the line 4 for a better correspondence.

1979 . Inauguration of the forum of trade and leisures on September 4th.

1983 . Construction of two hotels, residences and offices.

1985 . Opening of the second part of the underground Forum (architect: Paul Chemetov).

1986 . Installation of the gardens by Louis Arretche.

2004 . A contest of architecture is launched by the town hall for a total restoration of the district. Four teams of architects are selected: Jean Nouvel, MVRDV/Winy Maas, OMA/Rem Koolhaas and David Mangin. December 15th, the mayor of Paris Bertrand Delanoë announces the choice of the commission of invitation to tender for the refitting of the Markets of Paris. It is the project of the architect and French town planner David Mangin which gains the votes, more for his party taken that for the project in itself, which will not be concretized such as it is. Its role is to coordinate the implementation of the project, of which it will carry out a part. The conditions which brought to this choice start an important polemic at many observers of Parisian town planning. An international contest will be organized, in order to determine the final draft. The first work should start in 2007.

2007 . In July 2007, the French architects Patrick Shepherd and Jacques Anziutti gain the project of the future “square of the Markets”, which should replace current the Forum of the Markets.

Belly in the middle

This “belly of Paris”, evoked by Zola of the time of the markets the large one, became the “heart” of the capital, with a underground Ville on several levels. It is at the same time:

the largest station of the city, Châtelet - the Markets, with three lines of the RER, five of Subway, 15 of drunk and 13 of Noctilien S where pass on average 800 000 daily travellers;
more attended shopping malls, the Forum, with its 41 million annual customers, including/understanding 23 rooms of Cinéma;
the most attended swimming pool;
a garden of more than four hectares;
of many public equipment;
a network of roadway systems, primarily underground.

Despite everything, certain reproaches were formulated, in particular that the place lacks food surface and of a good indication.

The Corn exchange

Because of the obstructions of the market of the central Markets, one still builds, of 1763 with 1767, the Corn exchange on the site of the hotel of Soissons. Nicolas Camus de Mézières is the architect. It has a cupola out of wooden, built in 1782, which burns in 1802. One distinguishes still today the astronomical column from Catherine de Médicis which wedges the circumference of the building become the Produce exchange.

The Market with leathers

Stronghold of the furriers and other mégisseurs, it was on the site of current the Faculté of Letters Censier in the V {{E}} district of Paris. If the installation street Censier, in the district of the Botanical garden is not very old, the Institution, it, is multi-secular. Saint Louis installs the first Market in the district of Innocent, street of the Linen room.
1785 . It is transferred street Mauconseil, on the site of old the Comédie Italian, where it remains until 1866.
1866. The new Market with leathers is inaugurated on March 18th. Built on dependences of old the Old people's home of the Hundred girls, it occupies a surface of one hectare and form a quadrilateral limited by the Censier streets, of the Key, Santeuil and the Iron-with-Mill. In addition to the offices, one finds immense stores there; a court of 1 350 m ² forming the square of the Market; above two stages of stores are installed; below, immense undergrounds are used as cellars to receive there oils, gasolines, varnished and any greasy substance essential to the tawing.
1886 . A police regulation of March 12th into fixed the operation and the opening hours, closing and sale.
1906 . In the night from May 11th to 12th, it undergoes a terrible fire which destroys it completely. The district where it rose in a few years is completely transformed. The prison of Holy-Pelagie is closed down and demolished and the Bièvre covered on this part of its course.

The Market with cloths

Stronghold of the Masters clothiers and the Masters tapestry makers, it was with the site of the Goblins in the V {{E}} district.

The Market with the grasses

Stronghold of the herbalists and the market-gardeners, it is present in many towns of France. For historical reasons, it in Paris was located in the House fruit and vegetables of the central Markets.

The Wine market

Stronghold of the wine merchants, called familiarly “wine tankers”. It was since 1666 on the site of current the Campus of Jussieu (Faculty of Science), always in the V {{E}} district of Paris, along the Seine from where the Chaland S arrived. Built 1958 with 1972, Faculty is inaugurated in 1970 (Paris VII) and in 1971 (Paris VI). One also finds, on the old influence of the wine market, the Institut of the Arab world inaugurated in 1987.

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