See also: Monroe

Marilyn Monroe , born on June 1st, 1926 with Los Angeles in California, deceased on August 5th, 1962 in Los Angeles, was a Actrice and American Chanteuse which managed to become universally famous at the beginning of the Années 1950. She is regarded as one of the first known stars Hollywood iennes for their sexual Attirance nonpareille.

She inspired by many actresses and celebrities like Jayne Mansfield or Madonna of which some tried to profit from its enormous success by imitating its way of being presented in public. In spite of its immense notoriety, it remained unhappy and dissatisfied along its life. Marilyn ends up taking Somnifère S, which, according to one of the abundant theories of conspiracy, led to its death, about which always run of many rumors.

Biography

Childhood and adolescence

Marilyn Monroe is born on June 1st 1926 with the general hospital from Los Angeles in California, under the name of Norma Jeanne Mortenson. The Norma first name was chosen by his/her mother in reference to the actress Norma Talmadge. Later, Marilyn Monroe will remove the second " e" of " Jeane". On the certificate of birth the names of his/her mother appear, Gladys Pearl and of the husband of this one at the time, Martin Edward Mortensen (cf Paternité). It should be noted that Monroe is the name of young girl of the mother of Marilyn, that Gladys and Edward live already separate at the time of its birth and that they will divorce in August 1928.

Gladys, born on May 24th 1900 with the Mexico American parents under the name of Gladys Pearl Monroe, works like monteuse in tographic industry Cinéma and already had two children of a first marriage with Jack Baker. She without a future knows as many sentimental connections of psychological problems and health. Over very a long period, it will not be able to deal with her daughter who will be entrusted, inter alia, with families of reception, as well as her two other children.

Norma Jean lives thus at Albert and Ida Bolender in Hawthorne in California during the first seven years of its life. In its autobiography (cf Bibliography), Marilyn mentions that it did not know which was this russet-red lady which from time to time visited him for this period, whereas it was about his Gladys mother. In 1933, it can finally live some time with it, with Hollywood. In 1934, Gladys endures a new depression and Norma Jean is placed successively in hearths and a Orphelin At. Grace McKee, wife Goddard, the best friend of Gladys, require in 1936 to become the tutor of Marilyn, which will be officialized in 1937. Normalized Jean, the following years, will live with Goddard with Van Nuys in California but also in a new orphanage. This year, it was attacked sexually by Ervin Goddard, the husband, like by his cousin Jack Monroe the following year. The best period of its childhood, it passed it at this same time with Anna Lower, the aunt of Grace.

Since 1938, Norma Jean uses Baker family name, of the first husband of Gladys. Marilyn wrote that it gave up the Puberté rather quickly, towards the douze-treize years, when its body changed, well advances some on his/her comrades. It was a rather solitary child.

In 1941, it turns over to Grace and becomes acquainted with Jim Dougherty, a neighbor, workman in the first factory of radiocontrolled Drone S Radioplane Company factory (created by the actor Hollywoodien Reginald Denny), five years its elder. Grace, in order to get rid of Normalized Jean, organizes the marriage of this one with Jim, who takes place on June 19th, 1942, that is to say a few days after its sixteenth birthday. One year later, Jim joined the marine and Norma Jean works with the fireproofing of the wings of plane and the inspection of the Parachute S in the same factory as her husband.

What Marilyn of its life of married woman reported corresponds of nothing to the assertions that Jim made much later. Whereas she tells that sexuality did not interest it in this age and that she rather regarded Jim as a big brother, him extends on the initiation from which he made profit his young wife.

Career of model

In 1944, it meets for the first time her half-sister Bernice Baker in the Tennessee (his/her half-brother is deceased).

The first quasi professional Photo of Normalized Jeanne is taken with the autumn 1944 by the photographer David Conover within the framework of a campaign of the American Armée to illustrate the implication of the women in the effort of war. Is very connected then rather quickly since, in a few months, it makes the cover of about thirty magazines of Pin-up S and starts to be made known like the Mmmmm girl . It clears up the color of its hair and gives up its work to be devoted to its career of model, in particular near the agency Blue Book Model . In December 1945, it turns its first Film test for its agency, in order to promote bathing suits. It will leave a few days in the Nevada and the state Washington with the André photographer of Dienes for an important session of photographs.

It and Jim, which have only few contacts because of the distance of this one, Divorce NT in 1946. This same year during a few months, it manages to take with it its mom, but this one must set out again rather quickly in an specialized institution in order to be neat.

First steps with the cinema

1946-47. Norma Jean is noticed by Howard Hughes which wants to engage it in its cinematographic company, RKO. Its agent for the cinema estimates that another company is more important: it thus signs its first contract on July 26th, 1946 with the 20th Century Fox, which will be not renewed after two films. Fox re-elects it Marilyn Monroe , the Marilyn first name coming from the actress Marilyn Miller and the name Monroe of his/her grandmother. She gains 75 dollars per week for 6 months. It is at that time that its name appears for the first time in the chronicle of the famous one. In March and in May 1947, respective turnings of Brawl for a blonde and Dangerous Years . In 1947, it goes up on scene (Théâtre) and would have lived its first Avortement.

1948-49. It obtains an new agreement with the Columbia and turns in the queens of the variety (turning: July 1948) in which critics notice its qualities of singer. She meets Johnny Hyde, her new agent (with the ) which will make much for its career. It occupies in its life not only one paternal figure for which she needed but also that lover. She plays a whole small role in Fishing with the treasure of the Marx Brothers (February 1949). Under the name of Mana Monroe, because it needs money, it poses naked for a calendar for the photographer Tom Kelly, photographs which will make the round the world tour later a few years when it becomes celebrates (cf Nudité in its career). Another outstanding film: When the city sleeps (October 1949).

1950. It obtains a small role in this very important film that is Eve (May 1950). In September, Photoplay magazine makes appear the first Leitartikel on it: How has star is born? (How has just been born a star?), referring to famous the of William A. Wellman (1937). It will be with the screen six times at the time of this ostentation year.

1951. In January it meets for the first time the Dramaturge Arthur Miller. March 29th, 1951, it presents the price of the best sound than receives Eve with the Oscars; that will be its only appearance with this handing-over of price. In May 1951, it signs a seven year old contract with Fox with 500 dollars per week, with possibility of increase. Then follow Nid of love (June 1951), Chéri, divorce (July 1951), the demon wakes up the night (autumn). At the end of 1951, it receives more mail than certain stars established of Fox. Certain commentators of its life mention an attempt at Suicide in December.

Dedication

1952. at the beginning of 1952, filming of Disturb to me this evening , its first great role, then Chérie, I feel to renovate (January-February) where it will be for the first time as a platinum blonde, her new image and trademark. It meets Joe DiMaggio, legend alive of the Baseball, which has just taken its retirement. In March bursts the history of the calendar, which it will be left very well (cf Nudité in its career). April 7th, 1952: first appearance with the one of Life magazine . Its wages are increased but still does not reach the level of the stars of Fox. The press reveals that his/her mother was patient in a psychiatric hospital whereas Marilyn had told to be orphan. For the demon wakes up the night which leaves this year, its name is for the first time above the title of film. Other outstanding films: the Niagara (June), then the men prefers the blondes (November) for whom it is paid approximately 15.000 dollars whereas Jane Russell receives ten times more. After this film, the two actresses have to mark their hands and shoes the pavement opposite the Grauman' S Chinese Theater , close to famous the Walk off Famed on Hollywood Boulevard.

1953 . First pills to maintain its line. How to marry a millionaire (March 1953). It touches 1.500 dollars per week now whereas stars not having its has near the public are to approximately 5.000, even 10.000. the River without return (August 1953). She refuses to turn in a film to which Fox attached it, Pink Tights , because she must (Re) play there an animal and sexy fair.

1954. In January, the 14, it marries Joe DiMaggio. The next month, it will divert the American soldiers in Korea. It is the time also first sleeping pills. She works with Ben Hecht on her autobiography of which she will receive the first jet in April (but the book will appear only in 1974 for the first time, and very modified). the Merry Parade (May 1954) during which it has its first sick leave. She entrusts to her coach and friendly Natasha Lytess that DiMaggio the bldg. She records songs for the diffusion on Vinyle S by RCA. 1954 will mark also the meeting with the Strasberg family: Lee, the professor of the Method, Paula, her wife who will become also a coach for Marilyn, and Susan which plays with it in this film. Seven Years of reflection (August 1954). October: divorce Joe DiMaggio who will be officialized one year later, in October 1955; their union will thus have lasted only eight month.

1955. In January, the company Marilyn Monroe Productions is founded with Milton Greene, a photographer of its friends. Course with the Actors' Studio of Lee Strasberg. In May, it Re-meets Arthur Miller. At December 31st, it signs an new agreement with Fox which gives him finally more capacity: 100.000 dollars per film like 500 dollars per week for sundries, glance on the scenario, the director and the chief of photography; it can play in an equal number of films near competition that with Fox. 1956. In March 1956, it changes officially its name of Normalized Jeanne Mortenson in Marilyn Monroe. Stop bus (spring). Marriage in June with Arthur Miller which divorced his wife Mary a few months before and has just testified before the commission from the anti-American activities without revealing names of Communists. the Prince and the dancer (August 1956), during whom one announces to him that it is pregnant; it will make a miscarriage. A few months later, in 57, this situation will be repeated. It has as been in this year as it would have had a ventures one evening to the Hotel Beverly Wilshire with Elvis Presley, 10 years its junior, according to the dires of the old agent of the rocker Byron Raphael with an interview with the New York Post , it would have maintained the secrecy for 50 years not to harm their respective careers.

1957 . It starts to see almost the every day a psychiatrist, several psychoanalysts of which Anna Freud and Ralph Greenson.

1958 . Its health worsens: it takes weight, drinks, becomes irascible. She refuses several films but accepts Some like it hot , turned as of August. A surdose of sleeping pills brings it to the hospital in September. Marilyn falls pregnant again, which shows a news miscarriage.

1959 . Contract signed for a film which will begin only the following year.

1960. the Billionaire (at the beginning of 1960) and connection with Yves Montand. Marilyn sees its new psychiatrist, Dr. Ralph Greenson, quasi the every day: he exerts an influence marked on his patient. With the beginning of the year, it meets John F. Kennedy which it already knew since 1954 or 55. Excentric the (July) which was written for it by Arthur Miller. She saw a news surdose and a new stay at the hospital. Separation with Miller is noted.

1961. the divorce is marked in January. She is made intern in a hospital but passes by error a few days in the psychiatric section, where DiMaggio must come to deliver it. She and DiMaggio continue to spend much time together. She becomes acquainted with Robert Kennedy. She in addition undergoes her sixth operation of a gynaecological nature (over several years) due to various complications. Marilyn meets his/her half-sister, sees much Frank Sinatra, has her first discussions for its next film, and spends the new year with DiMaggio.

The year 1962

1962. In January, it acquires what will be its last residence, with Brentwood in the surroundings of Los Angeles. She saw return tickets between her doctor Greenson and DiMaggio as well as a coma due to Barbiturique S, all that whereas a new film is set up. Indeed, in May 1962 the first catches for Something' S Got to Give take place, turning during which she very often announces herself in stop disease. For this film, it receives 100.000 dollars whereas it seems that George Cukor (the realizer) and Dean Martin (Co-star) will touch each one 300.000 dollars, whereas she is, at this time, largest star of the time, the foreign press having decreed this price in Los Angeles to him a few weeks before. Marilyn moves with New York for the birthday of JFK what likes neither Fox nor with Jacqueline Kennedy which cancels its arrival with the festival of her husband.

June 1st, the day of sound 36e birthday, it is present on the plate, where a festival is organized in end-of-day in its honor: it will be its last professional appearance. The 7, Fox returns it turning. However, of the negotiations are immediately committed: the 20, Fox announces the resumption of turning soon. Marilyn, within the framework of a campaign of Public relations to restore its image near the general public, allows photo meetings with several photographers of foreground and the interviews with large magazines. DiMaggio and she speak remarriage and a date is stopped at August 8th, 1962. Other projects of films are discussed and launched around Marilyn, as I Coils Louisa and The Jean Harlow Story . The last week of its life will be rich in ordinances for Somnifère S prescribed by two doctors at least…

On Friday, August 3 is devoted to many professional and deprived phone calls, meetings with its psychiatrist, his friend Pat Newcomb. Saturdays are identical: telephones, work in the garden, with Dr. Greenson, strolls on the beach with the actor Peter Lawford, brother-in-law of the Kennedy. It was observed under influence of Tranquillizing S and others… With 19:45, it still has a phone conversation with Lawford where it seems depressed and confused. He recalls later but the line is in disturbance, then he operates several calls to close relations to join it all the same. Mrs. Murray, woman-with-all-to make it who lived with it - engaged at the request of Dr. Greenson, without any competence, and, therefore, suspected of having been a spy with the pay of the doctor - indicates that it is well: it is then 20:30. The author David Spoto thinks that at this time, Marilyn already died or dying of overdose.

It is as from this moment that the versions differ: who came? when? why? who informed? And, especially, at which Marilyn time did she die exactly? The police force arrives to it at 4:35, on Sunday, August 5, 1962, and Marilyn, naked, lying in its bed, died. Two of the close relations doctors are however already on the spot. The mystery does nothing but then start…

August 6th, DiMaggio claims, with the half-sister of Marilyn, the body of Marilyn and organizes, for on August 8th, of the private Funérailles, to which only 24 people, sorted on the shutter, are invited.

Marilyn, which had turned in 30 films, was 36 years old.

Around Marilyn

Nudity in its career

In May 1949, whereas it buckles its budget with difficulty, Marilyn poses naked for a mural calendar (known under the name of calendar “Golden delicious dreams”, golden dreams, namely the famous photographs about a bottom of red velvet) for the sum of fifty dollars.
La American post office estimated that it was pornographic and the diffusion in certain States prohibits some. An improved version then appeared with the clothing drawn on the original photograph.

In 1952, whereas it profits already from an unquestionable notoriety, that is discovered by the press and creates a small scandal which Marilyn is left very well while proposing the need in which it was financially; in December 1953, some of these photographs appear in the first number of the magazine Playboy , Hugh Hefner, the editor having repurchased the stereotypes.

There also was a long time the rumor that Marilyn had played, for similar pecuniary reasons to that of the calendar, in films erotic or pornographic, a Blue movie entitled Apple Knockers and the Coke Bottle (literally the apples shock absorbers and the bottle of Coke ) and photographs were even presented in erotic magazines in the whole world. In 1982, the magazine Playboy cancelled this belief by specifying that the actress of this film was old a playmate of 1954, Arlene Hunter (also spelled Arline), a blonde which resembled young Marilyn enough, it is true.

In 1962, Marilyn Monroe takes part in its last shooting. Contacted by the famous photographer Bert Stern, it arrives at go (in a splendid continuation of a large hotel of New York) with four hours of delay, but once arrived, it poses during more than twelve hours of at a stretch. The result is splendid: more 1500 photographs, of which most known are the " nues" where Marilyn shows an extremely modern beauty. The photographs are always exposed every year with the four corners of planet. (Recently: The last Meeting with the Maillol museum in Paris 2006)

Paternity

One of the great mysteries of the life of Marilyn is the identity of his/her father. The mother of Marilyn, Gladys Baker, or Gladys Mortenson, or Mortensen, was an unstable and fragile woman, born Gladys Pearl Monroe on May 24th 1900 with C.P. Diaz with the Mexico. Gladys has a time worked like monteuse with RKO, in cinema industry. One knows little thing of its first husband if it is not that it named Jack Baker and that he was the father of two children of Gladys: Hermitt Jack (January 24th 1918 - years 1920, died of Tuberculosis) and Bernice (July 30th 1919 -? , known like Bernice Miracle), the half-brother and half-sister of Marilyn thus. With the birth of Jeanne Normalized, Jack had disappeared for a long time and Gladys probably then maintained various connections. It is there that the father of Marilyn intervenes: according to the biographers and specialists in Marilyn and according to what itself in (little) knew and said, two possibilities coexist:

  • Martin Edward Mortenson, or Mortensen: second husband of Gladys (marriage on October 11th 1924), a baker born in Norway in 1897 where it gave up woman and (three) children to go to the the United States. Quickly it left also Gladys and committed suicide in an motorbike accident on June 18th 1929 in Ohio. But that is not as simple as that: according to the literature, another Martin Edward Mortenson is deceased in California in 1981, which protested being the father of Marilyn and had a copy of his certificate of birth. On the certificate of birth of Marilyn, the name of the father mentioned is Edward Mortenson, like on the certificate of marriage with DiMaggio.
  • C. Stanley Gifford: he was the lover of Gladys between 1925 and 1926 whereas they were colleagues. Their connection finished when Gladys announced to him to be pregnant. Marilyn thought that he was his father and tried to come into contact with him on several occasions, without success; later, it is him which wrote to him and telephoned a few years of interval, without success also: she would have commented on qu'" it was too tard".

Marriages and husbands

It Maria three times:

  • June 1942 - September 1946: she Marie when she is 16 years old with James Dougherty (1921 - 2005), neighbor and raises in the same secondary school as she.
  • January 1954 - October 1954: it Marie with the famous player of Baseball Joe DiMaggio (1914 - 1999). In spite of their divorce, they were very close one to the other until the death of Marilyn. DiMaggio, according to the legend, had remained in love with it until the end of its life, in March 1999. Its last words, according to its adviser Morris Engelberg, would have been “I' L finally get to see Marilyn” (“I finally will re-examine Marilyn”)
  • June 1956 - January 1961: it Marie finally with the playwright Arthur Miller (1915 - 2005) who composed for it the film Excentric the .

A fourth marriage would have been contracted with a certain Robert Slatzer (1927 - 2005), who wrote to have been the friend and the lover of Marilyn over enough a long period. According to him - because it seems that the friends of Marilyn did not know it -, Robert Slatzer, at that time journalist, would have been plain with the actress a few days, in October 1952. But this union remains really prone to guarantee because of the absence of any official document - Slatzer will declare, later, that the marriage had been cancelled under the pressure of the American studios - and because with a check signed of the hand of Marilyn, on October 4th, 1952, in a shop of luxury of Los Angeles, and who strongly invalidates the remarks of Slatzer.

Love life

As Marilyn often entrusted to close relations. The list of his/her lovers could be thus almost reconstituted and became so to speak public. Among the most known lovers, one finds Marlon Brando - which always refused to be expressed about Marilyn -, Charlie Chaplin Jr. - the son of Charlot -, Sammy Davis Jr., Andre of Dienes, Howard Hughes, Elia Kazan, John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Yves Montand, Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley. Obviously all that is subject to deposit, but belongs to the legend.

Burial

The body of Marilyn rests with Los Angeles, with the cemetery Westwood Memorial Park, where also the tombs of about thirty other celebrities are. Chart of the cemetery

Uncertainties around its death

Marilyn starts, in 1962, the turning of Something' S Got To Give of George Cukor. This turning is stopped in June 1962, Marilyn is exhausted too much physically and cannot continue. It will be forced as Dean Martin her partner (who takes his defense) to pay damages in Fox for breach of contract. Marilyn organizes a publicity campaign and obtains the renewal of the contract on August 1st, 1962. In exchange of fees worthy of the star who it was, it is committed returning Paula Strasberg, her coach. One expected the resumption of the turning of " Something' S Got To Give" as quickly as possible.

Very unstable psychologically, in the night of the 4 to the August 5th, it dies. The true reasons of its death remain today still the object of polemics.

The legend says that it was put in a last position of rebellious and sexy lady, then fell asleep with whiskey glass, and that it died in the night.

The report/ratio of the doctor-legist of Los Angeles speaks about probable suicide, due to an overdose of Barbiturique S.

According to the American novelist Norman To net, Marilyn would have been victim of a plot warped by F.B.I and C.I.A. with an aim of accumulating evidence against the Kennedy. The writer makes of it the first victim of a series of political assassinations including the Kennedy, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King.

According to Anthony Summers, which inquired into its death, at all the levels of the close friends and the capacity (Robert Kennedy, then Minister for Justice, was, says one, the lover of the actress), one got busy to make voluntary or involuntary suicide of Marilyn something of inevitable.

According to Gift Wolfe ( Marilyn Monroe, Investigation into an assassination , 1998), Marilyn Monroe was assassinated. This version would imply Robert Kennedy and a whole whole of close relations of the actress who would have keep silent themselves during years.

According to Donald Spoto, one of its most reliable biographers, Marilyn died following a medical error. One would have managed a rectal injection with the chloral hydrate to him (chloral enabled him to sleep) whereas it had absorbed, beforehand, of Nembutal. The mixture of these two substances can, appears it, to prove to be fatal.

Did this death inspire as of 1963 the song Who killed Norma Jean? of Norman Rosten and Seeger Pete.

Catalog of films

French voices of Marilyn Monroe

See also: Marilyn Monroe: List French voices

Songs

  • I Wanna Be Coils You

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