Marie de Nazareth - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Marie in New Testament

The Gospels of Matthieu and Luc bring back the Annonciation, i.e. the advertisement by the Ange Gabriel with Marie then with Joseph to which it was promised in marriage, of the virginal Conception of Jesus, the account of Luc giving more place to Marie, whereas it is the reverse in that of Matthieu:

To the sixth month, the Gabriel angel was sent by God in a town of Galileo, called Nazareth near a virgin promised in marriage to a man of the house of David, named Joseph. The name of the virgin was Marie. The angel entered to it, and known as: I greet you, you with whom one thanks to summer made; the Lord is with you. Disturbed by this word, Marie wondered what such a greeting could mean. The angel says to him: Do not fear, Marie; because you found grace in front of God. And here, you will become pregnant, and you will give birth to a son, and you will give him the name of Jesus… Marie said to the angel: How that will it be done, since I do not know a man? The angel answered him: The Saint Spirit will come on you, and the power of Very High will cover you with his shade. This is why the saint child who will be born from you will be called Sons of God|LLC 1,21 - 35

In the continuation of the account, Marie returns visit to her cousin Elisabeth (it is the Visitation) and expresses her joy in the Magnificat (LLC 1,39-55). It gives rise to Jesus with Bethlehem (MT 2,1-6; LLC 2,4-7) where his/her Son receives the visit of the shepherds and the magi (MT 2,7-12; LLC 2,15-21).

The texts evoke then the Présentation with the Temple to achieve the rite of Rachat of first-born the. Syméon prophesies that she will know pain (LLC 2,21-35). Later will occur the episode of the disappearance of Jesus at the twelve years age (LLC 2,41-51), at the time of the annual rise to the Temple of Jerusalem: whereas his/her parents set out again for Nazareth, the child had remained in the Temple to discuss with the doctors the law.

Marie will appear again when Jesus attends the Wedding at Cana (Jn 2,1-11), then once where it was with her research whereas he taught (Mc 3,31-35), finally at the time of the Crucifixion. His/her son will entrust it before dying in his disciple preferred Jean.

Jesus, seeing his mother, and near it the disciple whom he loved, says to his mother: Woman, here are your sons. Then he says to the disciple: Here is your mother. And, as of this moment, the disciple took it at his place| Jn 19,25-26

It will be among the disciples at the time of the Pentecost (ac 1,14).

The posterior traditions with the New Testament relate to the continuation of its life like its death with Ephèse.

The question of the perpetual virginity of Marie

The virginal Conception is accepted by all the Christians since it is brought back by the Évangiles; it is not the same perpetual Virginité of Marie. This belief is old, as attests it the Protévangile of Jacques, a noncanonical text of the 2nd century when it is indicated that Marie, girl of Anne and Joachim, “would have been devoted to the Lord” (i.e. would remain virgin) by a wish of her mother, then would have been entrusted to Joseph before the design of Jesus:

“Anne answered: “As true as the Lord God saw, I will make gift of my child, boy or girl, for the Lord my God and it will be used it the every day of her life. ”” (Protév. Jc 4,1). “Then the priest: “Joseph, Joseph, say it, you are the elected official: it is you which will take in guard the virgin of the Lord. ”. But Joseph protested: “I have wire, I am an old man and it is an any young girl. Won't I become rized of wire of Israel? ”” (Protév. Jc 9,1-2).

However, the texts néotestamentaires announce the existence of brothers and sisters of Jesus. Four are mentioned in MT 13,55 and Mc 6,3:

“isn't this the son of the carpenter? isn't this Marie who is her mother? Aren't Jacques, Joseph, Simon and Jude, his brothers? ” (MT 13,55). “Isn't this the carpenter, the son of Marie, the brother of Jacques, Joses, Jude and Simon? and aren't his/her sisters here among us? And it was for them an occasion of fall. ” (Mc 6,3)

It would act half-brothers, wire of Joseph, according to the orthodoxe tradition which follows the Protévangile of Jacques, or cousins, the word “brothers” being taken in the broad sense, according to the tradition Catholique: “The Semitic languages do not have a term to return the word “cousin”; in the old companies, where all lived together, the cousins were compared to brothers. ” and the writers of the New Testament would have conformed to the manner of speaking Eastern. Two of them, indeed, are announced like wire of a “Marie, mother of Jacques the minor and of Joses” in Mc 15,40, identified with Marie, woman of Clopas according to Jn 19,25, the third Jude says brother of Jacques and not of Jesus (Ju 1), and the fourth Simon is clearly designated as a first cousin, wire of Clopas the brother of Joseph, in the ecclesiastical Histoire of Eusèbe de Césarée.

On this question of the brothers of Jesus, to see the detailed article Close to Jesus

Religious prospects

Catholicism and orthodoxy

Iconography

The Vierge with the Child is one of the topics most frequently represented in Christian art , as well in the Eastern icon S as in Western works. It is relatively rare that Marie is represented only, up to one recent time. On the icons, the three stars being reproduced on the face and the shoulders of Marie indicate her perpetual virginity (front, during and after the childbirth).

The Annonciation is also a snuffed subject of the artists. One sees Marie, surprised there in his prayer, by the visit of the archangel Gabriel full with respect. Above the Colombe is Holy Spirit.

The Pietà is the representation of Marie carrying detached Jesus of the Croix. Most famous of the pietà is that of Michel-Angel, venerated in the Basilique Saint-Pierre of Rome.

The Assumption of Marie and the celestial Crowning of Marie by the Christ are frequently represented in the churches. Another frequent image is that of the Woman of the Apocalypse, crowned of twelve stars, upright on the moon crushing the snake. The symbol marial of twelve stars on blue bottom, color of the sky, would be at the origin of the European Drapeau (suggested by Mr. Paul M.G. Levy and drawn by the catholic Arsene Heitz and adopted on December 8th 1955, feastday of the Immaculate Conception), but it has on this point no explicit formulation there, it delivers itself a testimony on his decision.

Protestantism

Luther insisted on the humility of Marie and her reception of the grace. Calvin affirmed that it needs forgiveness, and refuses to celebrate the festivals mariales. There remains careful on the term “Mother of God”, who for him is of importance only to point out at the same time the humanity and the divinity of the Christ.

The Protestantisme remained a long time dumb in connection with Marie . It is starting from the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 then of that of the Assomption in 1950 that the gap with Catholicism widens again. He denounces the worship returned to the Saint S, and in particular the catholic worship marial.

For the majority of the Protestants, Marie was virgin before the birth of Jesus, but had other children, the brothers and sister of Jesus quoted in the Évangiles in Mc 6,3. It was not, however, the conviction of the reforming first.

Islam

Myriam , Marie , of the arabertl rear مريم, is quoted in the Coran and the sourate 19 door traditionally its name. It is the mother of Îssâ , Jesus , rear RTL عِيسى.

Coran speaks about few women, but only one names any: " Myriam". It is the sister of Aaron, allusion to its activity of priestess to the temple according to Coran and the mother of Jesus. In Sourate 3, the family of Imram , it is doubtless made mention with her. She is the girl of Imram, whose guard is entrusted to Zacharie. Coran indicates that the pregnancy of Marie was done in a miraculous way, without intervention of a parent:
“3.47. - She says: “Lord! How would I have a child, whereas no man touched me? ” - “it is thus! ” it says. Allah creates what He wants. When It decides on a thing, It only says to him: “Would be”; and it is at once. ”.

Marie is simply a woman for Islam, blessed by God and particularly pious. The sourates 3.35 to 3.47 reporting the birth of Marie then that of Jesus. The returned worship with Marie seems quite far away from the Moslem practices, particularly because Issa is not perceived like the son of God in Islam, unlike Christianity. The sourate 4.171 brings a precision on perception that with the Islam of Marie and the trinity:

“4.171. O people of the Book, do not exaggerate in your religion, and known as of Allah only the truth. The Jesus Messiah, wire of Marie, are only one Messenger of Allah, His word which It sent to Marie, and a breath (the heart) coming from Him. Thus believe in Allah and Its messengers. And known as step “Three”. Cease! It will be better for you. Allah is only one God single. It is too glorious to have a child. It is with Him that all belongs that is in the skies and on the ground and Allah is enough like guard. ”

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