Marie II of England

Marie II of England (April 30th 1662 - December 28th 1694), was queen of England and Ireland of the February 13rd 1689 with its death, like queen of Scotland of the April 11th 1689 with its death.

Marie, of Protestant confession, reached the throne following the Glorieuse Revolution, peaceful revolution which reversed his/her father Jacques II of England, catholic. Marie reigned jointly with her husband and first cousin Guillaume III, which then only reigned of 1694 with 1702. The English popular little stories speak besides about the reign of “ William and Mary ” even if Marie, however sovereign of right, did not make in fact not really use of her capacity during her reign. She controlled simply the kingdom when her husband left guerroyer abroad.

Youth

Marie II was born with St James Palace with London, the April 30th 1662. She was the oldest daughter of the duke of York, the future king Jacques II and of his first wife, Lady Anne Hyde. His/her uncle was the king Charles II for which his/her maternal grandfather, Edward Hyde, first count de Clarendon, was useful a long time like advising as a chief. Although his/her mother put at the world not less than eight children, alone Marie and her sister, Anne {{Ire}}, reached the adulthood.

The duke of York converts with the Catholicisme towards 1668 - 1669, but Anne and Marie had received a Protestant education , in accordance with the orders of Charles II. The mother of Marie died in 1671 and her father remaria in 1673, marrying in second weddings Marie of Modena, also called Marie-Beatrice d' Este.

To the fifteen years age, the Marie princess became engaged to the Stathouder and protesting prince d' Orange, the future Guillaume III. He believed that this act would increase its approval rating among the Protestant populations of the country. It is thus the November 4th 1677 which, first cousins, married Marie and Guillaume with London. It is reported that she cried during the ceremony. Although it had no proof there to consolidate this assertion, Marie pointed out the legitimacy of the boy publicly.

The June 30th, “  Seven Immortels  ” (in English “  Immortal Seven  ”), a powerful conspiracy made up of seven notable, invited Guillaume secretly, then residing at the Netherlands with Marie, to go to England accompanied by an army. At the beginning, Guillaume a little reticent, jealous of the position of his wife, heiress of the Crown in the event of had died of Jacques François Stuart; it even feared that it became more powerful only him. Marie then explained to her husband that she did not aspire to any political power. Guillaume was then solved to invade the England with his army. The December 11th 1688, the deposed king tried to flee but was stopped. One second attempt, the December 23rd, succeeds. The Parliament thus did not offer the Crown to elder wire of Jacques (Jacques François Edouard Stuart), which would have been the heir apparent in normal circumstances, but well to Guillaume and Marie, as joint sovereigns; this, provided that “  only and full exercise of the royal capacity is only in the person of Prince d' Orange and carried out by him with the names of the known as Prince and the Princess during their joint life.   ” English En: “  (...) the plate and full exercise off the treat power Be only in and executed by the said Prince off Orange in the names off the said Prince and Princess during to their joined lives.  ” the day of crowning, the Convention of the States of Scotland, more divided than the English Parliament, declared finally that Jacques was not also any more the sovereign of the Scotland. Guillaume and Marie were made offer the Crown of Scotland, which they accepted the May 11th.

After the death of the one of the members of the royal couple, it was agreed that the other would only reign. Then, in the line of succession, one of the children of the couple could reach the throne, follow-up of his/her sister Anne and the own children of the latter. Lastly, in this line of succession one would come from the children that Guillaume could have had following a possible remarriage. She died of the Variole in 1694 and was buried with the Abbaye of Westminster. With his death, the type-setter Baroque Henry Purcell was charged to write the funeral march, entitled off Music one the Death Queen Mary . This walk (catalogued Z860 A) was re-used on other occasions, for example, like music of the credits of the film Clockwork orange , carried out by Stanley Kubrick.

Succession