Marie-José Angélique

Two kingdoms were formed under Sobekhotep {{IV}} () following a revolt in the delta. These two parallel monarchies formed the contemporary one together thus.

The first of these independent kingdoms was created with Xoïs, in the North-western part of the Delta. One knows practically nothing of these sovereigns who are perhaps of Cananéenne origin.

The second kingdom, located in the North-eastern part of the Delta, was founded by Néhési, “the Black, the Nubian”, towards -1705 with Avaris ( Hout-Ouaret “the castle of the inclined ground”). This city is a river port with strong Asian density, dedicated to the trade with Byblos.

This 14th dynasty reigning on the Eastern delta will be swept by the kings Hyksôs (and S) who will extend their domination starting from Avaris towards -1650 (or -1633, or -1630 according to the historians). The latter had started to be established in Egypt towards -1730.

More than seventy names of kings are listed, of which some are fictitious (the Papyrus of Turin mentions almost 60 names and Manéthon 76).

Sovereigns of the 14th dynasty

Note: The points of suspension indicate the nonreadable part of a name which is due to degradations of the papyrus of Turin.

  • Néhési
  • Khatirê
  • Nebfaourê
  • Séhebrê
  • Méridjefarê
  • Séouadjkarê {{II}}
  • Nebdjefarê
  • Oubenrê
  • a king whose name is in gap (Turin 8.9)
  • … djefarê (… DfA-ruffle ) (Turin 8.10) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • … oubenrê (… - wbn-ruffle ) (Turin 8.11) Name of King (Nesout-Bity) -1690 (Ryholt)
  • Aoutibrê
  • Hérouibrê
  • Nebsenrê
  • a king whose name the name is in gap (Turin 8.15)
  • Sekhéperenrê
  • Djedkherourê
  • Sânkhibrê
  • Kanéfertoumrê
  • Sekhem….Re ( sxm-… - ruffle ) (Turin 8.20) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Kakemetrê (or Kakemourê)
  • Néferibrê,
  • has ...... ( I ..... ) (Turin 8.23) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Kha ..... Re ( xai-ruffle ) (Turin 8.24) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Ânkhkarê
  • Semen ..... Re ( smn- ..... - ruffle ) (Turin 8.26) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Djed ..... Re ( Dd- ..... - ruffle ) (Turin 8.27) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • nine kings of which the name in gap (Turin.8.28 with 8.30 and from 9.1 to 9.6)
  • Senéfer ..... Re ( snfr- ..... -ruffle ) (Turin 9.7) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Menibrê
  • Djed ..... Re ( Dd- ..... - ruffle ) (Turin 9.9) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • four kings of which the name in gap (Turin.9.10 with 9.13)
  • Inek ..... ( ink ..... ) (Turin 9.14) Name of Birth (Its-Ra)
  • I ..... ( I ...... ) (Turin 9.15) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • IP ..... ( IP ...... ) (Turin 9.16) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Hebi
  • Hepou
  • Shemsou
  • Meni ..... ( mni- ..... ) (Turin 9.21) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • Ourkai
  • two other kings whose name is in gap (Turin 9.23 to 9.24),
  • ..... karê ( ..... kA-ruffle ) (Turin 9.25) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • ..... karê ( ..... kA- '') (Turin 9.26) Name of King (Nesout-Bity)
  • a king whose name is in gap. (Turin.9.27)
  • Hépou ..... ( Hpw…. ) (Turin 9.28) Name of Birth (Its-Ra)
  • ….Annati (….nnAti ) (Turin 9.29) Name of Birth (Its-Ra)
  • Bebnem
  • Iouf ..... ( iw.f ....... ) (Turin 10.1) Name of Birth (Its-Ra)
  • Séti {{II}}
  • Sinou (or Sounou)
  • Hor {{III}}
  • two kings whose name is in gap (Turin 10.5 and 10.6),
  • Nibef
  • a king whose name is in gap (Turin.10.8)
  • Penestensepti (or Pensetensepat)
  • Kherhemouetchepsout
  • Khouihemouet (or Khouhemouetchepsout)

References

  • http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html (in English, chronology, cartridges etc)

  • http://www.narmer.pl (in English and Polish)

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